25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels of children are inversely related to adiposity assessed by body mass index
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels of children are inversely related to adiposity assessed by body mass index Silvia Barja-Fernández 1,2,3 & Concepción M. Aguilera 4 & Isabel Martínez-Silva 5 & Rocío Vazquez 1 & Mercedes Gil-Campos 6 & Josune Olza 4 & Juan Bedoya 1 & Carmen Cadarso-Suárez 7 & Ángel Gil 4 & Luisa M. Seoane 2,3 & Rosaura Leis 1,3
Received: 2 February 2017 / Accepted: 11 July 2017 # University of Navarra 2017
Abstract Vitamin D deficiency is associated with wide range of pathologies. Some evidences have shown that low vitamin D circulating levels in children and adolescent are related to fat mass and obesity. The objectives of the present study were to characterize vitamin D status in children and adolescents and to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is related to adiposity assessed by body mass index (BMI). Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by LIAISON method in 471 children and adolescents (2 to 18 years age) and analyzed according to gender, pubertal period, age, and BMI. An overall prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency was present in the 67.1%. Lower 25(OH)D levels were found in females (25.56 ± 14.03 vs 29.71 ± 17.10 ng ml−1; P = 0.004) and pubertal children (25.52 ± 13.97 vs 29.21 ± 16.83 ng ml−1; P = 0.011). In addition, an inverse relation of BMI and age on 25(OH)D concentrations was observed in children. In conclusion, low vitamin D status was highly prevalent among children and adolescents. Of note, a non-lineal regression model showed
that 39.6% of vitamin D levels variability was explained by BMI. These results indicate that adiposity assessed by BMI impacts vitamin D status. Keywords Obesity . Children . Body mass index . Vitamin D
Abbreviations BMI Body mass index Edf Effective degrees of freedom GAMs Generalized additive models 25(OH)D 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Introduction Vitamin D adequate concentration is essential for growth, development, and health. It plays a relevant role in the regulation of calcium levels and bone metabolism. In addition, recent
This article forms part of a special issue of the Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry entitled BImpact of lifestyles patterns on human health: Integrated approach from the child to the elderly^ * Rosaura Leis [email protected] 1
Unit of Investigation in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia, Pediatric Department (USC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
2
Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (IDIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
3
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
4
Deparment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center for Biomedical Research (UGR), Granada, Spain
5
Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
6
Pediatric Research and Metabolism Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital (IM
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