A brief summary of electrochemistry: from its beginnings to its present challenges
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FEATURE ARTICLE
A brief summary of electrochemistry: from its beginnings to its present challenges E. R. Larios-Durán 1 & N. Casillas 2 & M. Bárcena-Soto 2 Received: 30 May 2020 / Revised: 30 May 2020 / Accepted: 31 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
In the early stages of electrochemistry, other disciplines, such as thermodynamics, kinetics, and basic instrumentation, were also developed. Later, on a series of outstanding seminal theoretical contributions emerge in electrochemistry, e.g., electrochemical double-layer and electrokinetic theories were published at the end of the eighteen century and the middle of the last century, respectively (Fig. 1). Along with these theoretical contributions, remarkably advances in instrumentation became evident, with the accession of new multichannel potentiostats that strengthen electrochemistry and helped to perform more sophisticated sweeping and modulated electrochemical techniques. Beyond these contributions in either fields, actual needs and scientific interest in electrochemistry demand more specific studies, along with a deeper understanding of the fundamentals, focused on nanoscale and “atomscale” dimensions studies. To take further steps in this direction, it is required to adjust, modify, and postulate new mathematical models to closely describe the physicochemical nature of the electrochemical interfaces avoiding oversimplifications, that general models imply. This more rigorous approach is feasible, because more powerful computational methods, that can solve extremely complex mathematical models, are now available. In some instances, it is also needed to review basic thermodynamics aspects related to the charge transfer processes as well. Future advances in technology and instrumentation should be readily
* M. Bárcena-Soto [email protected] 1
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
2
Departamento de Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
adopted by electrochemistry to extend the capabilities of electroanalytical techniques already developed. For instance, the improvement of techniques that uses ultramicroelectrodes or nanoelectrodes for local monitoring, e.g., scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), SPECM, AC-SECM, LEIS, and other modulated techniques. New arising overlapping of electrochemistry with other branches of science or new emerging research areas should be approached with optimal and adequate instrumentation and novel theories, for instance, studies of modified surfactants and micelles systems, which are currently used as nanoreactors to synthesize nanoparticles with diverse applications extended to medical, biological, and environmental fields. In summary, it should be an intensified quest for the development of physicochemical models that mathematically describe the behavior of electrochemical systems and cannot be treated under general models already proposed. Thus, electrochemistry in the future should attach and strive for a more fun
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