A comparative study of the effect of probiotics on cariogenic biofilm model for preventing dental caries
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Original Paper
A comparative study of the effect of probiotics on cariogenic biofilm model for preventing dental caries Sung‑Hoon Lee · Young‑Jae Kim
Received: 22 April 2014 / Revised: 12 May 2014 / Accepted: 16 May 2014 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract Dental caries is induced by oral biofilm containing Streptococcus mutans. Probiotic bacteria were mainly studied for effect on the gastrointestinal tract and have been known to promote human health. However, the information of probiotics for oral health has been lack yet. In this study, we investigated influence of various probiotics on oral bacteria or cariogenic biofilm and evaluated candidate probiotics for dental caries among them. The antimicrobial activity of the spent culture medium of probiotics for oral streptococci was performed. Probiotics were added during the biofilm formation with salivary bacteria including S. mutans. The oral biofilms were stained with a fluorescent dye and observed using the confocal laser scanning microscope. To count bacteria in the biofilm, the bacteria were plated on MSB and BHI agar plates after disrupting the biofilm and cultivated. Glucosyltransferases (gtfs) expression of S. mutans and integration of lactobacilli into the biofilm were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Among probiotics, Lactobacillus species strongly inhibited growth of oral streptococci. Moreover, Lactobacillus species strongly inhibited formation of cariogenic biofilm
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. S.-H. Lee Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea e-mail: [email protected] Y.-J. Kim (*) Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongeon‑Dong, Jongno‑Gu, Seoul 110‑749, Republic of Korea e-mail: [email protected] Y.-J. Kim Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
model. The expression of gtfs was significantly reduced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The integration of L. rhamnosus into the biofilm model did not exhibit. However, L. acidophilus and L casei integrated into the biofilm model. These results suggest that L. rhamnosus may inhibit oral biofilm formation by decreasing glucan production of S. mutans and antibacterial activity and did not integrate into oral biofilm, which can be a candidate for caries prevention strategy. Keywords Probiotics · Cariogenic biofilm · L. rhamnosus · Biofilm inhibition
Introduction Probiotics, which are live microorganisms, provide a health benefit to the host. Many studies have focused on their roles and effects of probiotics on the maintenance of health for the last two decades (Vanderhoof et al. 1999; Meurman and Stamatova 2007; Ghadimi et al. 2008). Lactobacilli are known to play an important role in the maintenance of human health by stimulating a native immunity and protection against infection of the pathogenic bacteria (Gill and Prasad 2008). This has popularized the consumption of foods containing probioti
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