A Coordinated Performance of Power System Operated with Participants in Demand Response Programs Considering Environment
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A Coordinated Performance of Power System Operated with Participants in Demand Response Programs Considering Environmental Pollution Constraints Payam Qaderi‑Baban1 · Mohamad‑Bagher Menhaj2 · Mohamad Dosaranian‑Moghadam1 · Ahmad Fakharian1 Received: 27 November 2019 / Revised: 31 January 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract In a re-structured environment, demand response (DR) programs are presented in a new style. The demand response program consists of demand-side management methods which answers to electricity price variations. With advent of electricity markets, the demand-side management programs was introduced into two categories: (1) energy efficiency program, (2) demand response program. This paper studies engagement of participants load in an electricity market having a grid with large and small loads interested to participate in the market, energy storage systems, micro-grids, and distributed generations. In the proposed scheme, it is supposed to have an aggregator which sends demand-side preferences including load curtailment, load shifting, onsite generation, and energy storage systems along with proposed value and prices and all respective system constraints to the independent system operator (ISO). In fact, load aggregators submit aggregated DR offers to the ISO in order to optimize final decisions on aggregators’ DR contributions in wholesale market. The main goal of this paper is to solve the operation problem considering demand-side, system, and pollution and reliability constraints. Compared to other methods, the results indicate that the explicit modeling of customer DR would provide ISOs with more flexible options for scheduling the available energy resources in day-ahead energy markets. Keywords Demand response programs · System operator · Load aggregator · Pollution constraints List of Symbols Indices and Abbreviations I Index of generating units L Index of transmission lines t Index of hour b Index of bus d Index of aggregators * Mohamad Dosaranian‑Moghadam [email protected] Payam Qaderi‑Baban [email protected] Mohamad‑Bagher Menhaj [email protected] Ahmad Fakharian [email protected] 1
Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
Electrical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2
T Index of time periods k Index of contract numbers LC Abbreviation of load curtailment strategy LS Abbreviation of load shifting strategy OG Abbreviation of onsite generation strategy ES Abbreviation of energy storage strategy x Strategies symbol Sets Nx Set of load reduction contracts of strategy x Ndx Set of x contract for dth aggregator NT Set of scheduling hours NG Set of power generations ND Set of power demands C Economic coefficient for cost function NGb Set of generating units connected to bus b NDb Set of participants of the DR program in bus b NLb Set of transmission lines c
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