A fast source camera identification and verification method based on PRNU analysis for use in video forensic investigati
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A fast source camera identification and verification method based on PRNU analysis for use in video forensic investigations Wen-Chao Yang 1
2
& Jiajun Jiang & Chung-Hao Chen
2
Received: 18 November 2019 / Revised: 25 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of digital and cloud technologies, everyone can easily shoot and spread digital videos via email or social media. However, it is difficult for law enforcement to trace the origin of those digital videos, while some videos or images containing illegal information such as personal privacy, obscene pornography, and national security-related content. Recently, a significant breakthrough is achieved by using Photo-Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) noise to characterize the camera sensor. However, PRNU analysis is often carried out on a frame-by-frame basis. As a result, the processing time is unbearable when treating a large set of videos and devices. In this paper, we propose a novel video forensic method considering both cameras rolling and Iframe of videos to improve the processing time and accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is at a minimum of 15 times on average faster than the most wildly used method, PRNU analysis, and reduce the false positive rate as compared to existing methods used in the field of the forensic examination. Keywords Source camera identification . Forensic science . Video forensic investigation . Photoresponse non-uniformity
1 Introduction With the widespread use of smartphones and the rapid development of corresponding software, the acquisition and processing of a video stream is no longer a difficult task. The rise of convenient social media and live broadcast platforms have made communication using videos * Wen-Chao Yang [email protected]
1
Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
2
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
Multimedia Tools and Applications
easier. Consequently, some videos or images containing illegal information such as personal privacy, obscene pornography, and national security-related content have been released to the public. To prohibit these behaviors and incriminate the criminal behavior of these suspects who created illegal videos or images, it is important to identify that these videos or images were taken from devices owned by these suspects. The task of the forensic analyst in source camera identification (SCI) is to identify the device used to shoot a desired photo or video, and in source camera verification (SCV) is to verify whether a camera has been acquired an image or video evidence by a given threshold. A large part of the research works in source camera identification and verification (SCI/V) was mainly concentrated on still images. Most of the existing methods are to extract the sensor fingerprint, which is also called the reference sensor pattern n
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