A Model-Theoretic Realist Interpretation of Science
In this book Emma Ruttkamp demonstrates the power of the full-blown employment of the model-theoretic paradigm in the philosophy of science. Within this paradigm she gives an account of sciences as process and product. She expounds the "received statement
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SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Managing Editor:
JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University, U.S.A. Editors: DIRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands DONALD DAVIDSON, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University of Groningen, The Netherlands PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California, U.S.A. JAN WOLEN-SKI, Jagiellonian University, KrakOw, Poland
A MODEL-THEORETIC REALIST INTERPRETATION OF SCIENCE by
EMMA RUTTKAMP Philosophical Society of Southern Africa. South Africa
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6066-2 ISBN 978-94-017-0583-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0583-7
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
To my father
Egbertus Harmen Bloem
CONTENTS Preface
ix
Introduction
xi
Chapter One: The notion of MmodelB in philosophy of science
1.
2. 3. 4.
The interpretation and use of the notion of "model" in philosophy of science Heuristic uses of the notion of "model" Statement and non-statement variations of the notion of "model" Other methodological uses of the notion of "model": Economics
Chapter Two: A model-theoretic account of science
1.
2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7.
Introduction Terminological note The formulation of scientific theories The primary semantic interpretation of scientific theories The empirical interpretation of scientific theories Theories and models in methodological studies of economics The problem of "over-determination" of theories by empirical models
Chapter Three: The statement account of science 1.
2.
3.
4. 5.
Introduction The two-language view of scientific theories Theories and non-observables Rules of correspondence Ramsey sentences and Putnam's paradox
Chapter Four: Variations on the non-statement view of science 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
Introduction Patrick Suppes's set-theoretic approach to science The structuralist programme The semantic approaches of Beth, Van Fraassen, and Suppe Ronald Giere's naturalistic approach to science Nancy Cartwright's "simulacrum" account of science
1 1 2 5
8 12 12 17
22 26 29 34
44 62 62 63 65 68
76 91 91 91
97
108 116 119
Chapter Five: A model-theoretic realism 1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7.
Introduction Reality and science A modified image of science The process of science: Paradigms and models The "abstract" and the "concrete" Empirical adequacy Conclusion: The meaning of model-theoretic realism
141 141 143 145 149 158 163
