A modified discrete element model for sea ice dynamics
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A modified discrete element model for sea ice dynamics LI Baohui1,2,3,4,5 , LI Hai4,5 , LIU Yu4,5 , WANG Anliang6 , JI Shunying6∗ 1
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves (KLOCAW), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 4 National Marine Environment Forecast Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China 5 Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China 6 State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China 2
Received 21 September 2010; accepted 11 March 2011 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract Considering the discontinuous characteristics of sea ice on various scales, a modified discrete element model (DEM) for sea ice dynamics is developed based on the granular material rheology. In this modified DEM, a soft sea ice particle element is introduced as a self-adjustive particle size function. Each ice particle can be treated as an assembly of ice floes, with its concentration and thickness changing to variable sizes under the conservation of mass. In this model, the contact forces among ice particles are calculated using a viscous-elastic-plastic model, while the maximum shear forces are described with the Mohr-Coulomb friction law. With this modified DEM, the ice flow dynamics is simulated under the drags of wind and current in a channel of various widths. The thicknesses, concentrations and velocities of ice particles are obtained, and then reasonable dynamic process is analyzed. The sea ice dynamic process is also simulated in a vortex wind field. Taking the influence of thermodynamics into account, this modified DEM will be improved in the future work. Key words: sea ice dynamics, modified discrete element model, contact force model, numerical simulation Citation: Li Baohui, Li Hai, Liu Yu, Wang Anliang, Ji Shunying. 2014. A modified discrete element model for sea ice dynamics. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(1): 56–63, doi: 10.1007/s13131-014-0428-3
1 Introduction In the polar and sub-polar regions, sea ice plays an important role in the global climate and sometimes brings a series of engineering problems. To solve sea ice problems on various scales, the numerical simulations of sea ice dynamics have been investigated for decades. In the previous studies, most of the numerical models of sea ice dynamics were described with the continuum mechanics via the development of a series of numerical methods and constitutive model. For the studies of numerical methods for sea ice dynamics, the Eulerian Finite Difference Method (FDM) (Hibler, 1979; Zhang and Lepparanta, 1995; Wu et al., 1998; Su et al., 2005), the Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and material-point method (Gutfraind and Savage, 1998; Ji et al., 2005; Sulsky et al., 2007), the coupl
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