A narrative review of current trends in liraglutide: insights into the unmet needs in management of type 2 diabetes and
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REVIEW ARTICLE
A narrative review of current trends in liraglutide: insights into the unmet needs in management of type 2 diabetes and obesity Mandana Hasanzad 1,2 & Negar Sarhangi 2 Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi 2,5
&
Shekoufeh Nikfar 2,3
&
Seyed Naser Ostad 2,4
&
Received: 1 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Liraglutide is a long-acting human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue and an effective treatment for patients with metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of liraglutide as a well-known glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) in patients with T2DM and obesity. The lower and the higher doses of GLP-1 RAs are used for glycaemic control in T2DM and in obesity respectively. GLP-1 RAs such as liraglutide enhance insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon release via the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs). Liraglutide decreases hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients when prescribes as monotherapy or in combination with one or more antidiabetic drugs. Usually, it is well tolerated with minor hypoglycemia in combination therapy. Liraglutide reduces cardiovascular events and related risk factors including improvement of lipid profile and control of blood pressure. Accordingly, it can be cost-effective and may be a budget neutral medication option by considering its protective effect on the cardiovascular system in long-term use in the health care plan. In the near future, by pharmacogenomics approach, prediction of the highest patient’s response with the lowest adverse drug reactions and also rationality of drug development will be possible. Liraglutide can be used as a desirable medicine for glycemic control and obesity. It shows extensive evidence based benefits in diabetes complications. In this narrative review, we have summarized and evaluated studies related to the role of liraglutide in clinical practice. Keywords GLP-1 RAs, Liraglutide . Type 2 diabetes . Obesity . Cardiovascular events . Pharmacogenomics
Abbreviations T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus DM Diabetes mellitus * Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
CVDs ASCVDs BMI GLP-1 GIP Cyclic AMP GLP-1 RA GLP-1R PNS CNS ADA TZDs DPP-4 SGLT-2 HbA1c FDA
Cardiovascular diseases Athero
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