A particle packing parallel geometric method using GPU
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A particle packing parallel geometric method using GPU Lucas G. O. Lopes1
· Diogo T. Cintra1 · William W. M. Lira1
Received: 24 May 2020 / Revised: 3 October 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © OWZ 2020
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for obtaining granular models from a GPU parallel implementation of the geometric separation particle packing strategy. This methodology is suitable for the generation of large-scale granular models used in discontinuous media simulations. The proposed approach uses disk-shaped particles (two-dimensional approach) and parallelization mechanisms that consider different computational environments, with a focus on GPUs. The methodology is divided into three macro-steps: (a) definition of an input set of particles; (b) geometric separation; and (c) removal of spurious particles. The set of input particles uses data related to the particle size distribution and the domain filling rate, defining arbitrary positions for the particles. The other steps are used to eliminate overlaps between particles. Parallel computing is performed using the OpenCL programming API on compatible devices. Examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. They show good time improvement and better memory efficiency in comparison with the original serial version of the strategy. The method is also validated by comparing the results with experimental and numerical data from the literature. The proposed methodology allows generating granular models with a parallel GPU particle packing method. It turns possible the achievement of bigger models in a smaller amount of time, without compromising the strategy efficiency and accuracy. It also presents mechanisms to avoid information exchange between GPU and CPU. Keywords Particle packing · Granular modeling · Discrete element method · GPUs
1 Introduction The discrete element method (DEM) [1] is a well-known technique used to achieve significant results from numerical simulations of discontinuous problems involving granular media. Its validation and calibration show good agreement with the behavior of real discontinuous systems in geomechanical and engineering problems. Campbell et al. [2] presented simulations of large-scale landslides using twodimensional disk-shaped particles. Brown et al. [3] described a parallel computing approach to simulate crash and impact using three-dimensional domains with sphere-shaped particles. Oñate and Rojek [4] presented a combined method
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Lucas G. O. Lopes [email protected] Diogo T. Cintra [email protected] William W. M. Lira [email protected]
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Laboratory of Scientific Computing and Visualization—LCCV, Technology Center, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
involving the discrete element method and the finite element method (FEM) for dynamic analysis of geomechanical problems, illustrating the possibilities and performance of discrete/finite element analysis in geomechanical problems. Chang and Taboada [5] used DEM to simulate the e
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