A simplified method for experimentally quantifying crude oil swelling during immiscible carbon dioxide injection
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ORIGINAL PAPER - PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
A simplified method for experimentally quantifying crude oil swelling during immiscible carbon dioxide injection Sherif Fakher1 · Abdulmohsin Imqam1 Received: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 6 March 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Immiscible carbon dioxide ( CO2) injection is one of the highly applied enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods due to its high oil recovery potential and its ability to store C O2 in the reservoir. The main mechanism of immiscible C O2 injection is oil swelling. Generally, oil swelling is measured experimentally or measured using modeling methods. This research conducts oil swelling experiments using a simplified method in order to easily and accurately measure oil swelling and determines some of the most significant factors that may impact oil swelling during C O2 injection. The impact of varying C O2 injection pressure, temperature, oil viscosity and oil volume on oil swelling capacity was investigated. The simplified method managed to accurately determine the value of oil swelling for all the experiments. One of the factors that was found to impact the method significantly was the oil volume used. The oil volume in the experimental vessel was found to be extremely important since a large oil volume may result in a false oil swelling value. The oil swelling results were compared to other researches and showed that the method applied had an accuracy of over 90% for all the results obtained. This research introduces a simple method that can be used to measure oil swelling and applies this method to investigate some of the factors that may impact the oil swelling capacity during immiscible CO2 injection. Keywords Oil swelling · Immiscible carbon dioxide injection · Novel technique List of symbols So Oil swelling Vso Volume of swelled oil Vuo Volume of unswelled oil P Pressure of CO2 V Volume occupied by the experimental vessel z Compressibility factor of CO2 n Number of moles R Universal gas constant T Temperature at which the experiment is conducted 1 Initial conditions at the beginning of the experiment 2 Final conditions after the experiment was concluded IFT Interfacial tension
* Sherif Fakher [email protected] 1
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
Introduction Carbon dioxide injection is currently one of the many applied EOR techniques due to its multiple advantages, including its ability to increase oil recovery and its potential for carbon storage in the hydrocarbon reservoirs (Fakher et al. 2017; 2018a, b; 2019a, b, c; Martin and Taber 1992; Verma 2015; Perera et al. 2016; Fakher, 2019a, b). CO2 can be either miscible or immiscible with the reservoir hydrocarbons based on the reservoir conditions and properties and the CO2 properties and injection procedure (Fakher and Imqam 2018; 2019a, b). Immiscible C O2 injection has currently gained much attention due to its ability to increase oil recovery from several types of oil reservoirs, including heavy oil reservoirs (Nourozieh et al.
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