A Spatial Registration Toolbox for Structural MR Imaging of the Aging Brain
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A Spatial Registration Toolbox for Structural MR Imaging of the Aging Brain Marco Ganzetti 1 & Quanying Liu 1,2 & Dante Mantini 1,2,3 & Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract During aging the brain undergoes a series of structural changes, in size, shape as well as tissue composition. In particular, cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement are often present in the brain of elderly individuals. This poses serious challenges in the spatial registration of structural MR images. In this study, we addressed this open issue by proposing an enhanced framework for MR registration and segmentation. Our solution was compared with other approaches based on the tools available in SPM12, a widely used software package. Performance of the different methods was assessed on 229 T1-weighted images collected in healthy individuals, with age ranging between 55 and 90 years old. Our method showed a consistent improvement as compared to other solutions, especially for subjects with enlarged lateral ventricles. It also provided a superior inter-subject alignment in cortical regions, with the most marked improvement in the frontal lobe. We conclude that our method is a valid alternative to standard approaches based on SPM12, and is particularly suitable for the processing of structural MR images of brains with cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement. The method is integrated in our software toolbox MRTool, which is freely available to the scientific community. Keywords Magnetic resonance imaging . Spatial registration . Normalization . Segmentation . Aging . MRTool . Large ventricles
Introduction
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a Group/ Institutional Author Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni. loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wpcontent/ uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12021-018-9355-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marco Ganzetti [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
2
Neural Control of Movement Lab, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
3
Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
The occurrence of widespread anatomical changes in the normal aging brain is a well-established mechanism, even in the absence of dementia or other neurological disorders. Converging evidence for age-related alterations suggested atrophy to involve the whole brain, but to be relatively more pronounced in the neocortex and the hippocampus (Mcdon
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