A spill over effect of entrepreneurial orientation on technological innovativeness: an outlook of universities and resea
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A spill over effect of entrepreneurial orientation on technological innovativeness: an outlook of universities and research based spin offs Veronica Scuotto1,2 · Manlio Del Giudice3,4,5 · Alexeis Garcia‑Perez6 · Beatrice Orlando7 · Francesco Ciampi8
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract By shifting towards Romer’s (Am Econ Rev 94:1002–1037, 1986) economy and so the spread of knowledge economy, universities started to adopt a collaborative approach with their entrepreneurial ecosystem. They turn out to be risk taker, autonomous, proactive, competitive, and innovative. In a nutshell, they are entrepreneurial oriented with the aim to generate new innovative ventures, known as research-based spin offs. Doubly, this has induced an improvement of technology transfer and the degree of entrepreneurship in the current knowledge economy. However there still is a paucity of studies on the spill over effect of entrepreneurial orientated universities and research-based spin off on technology transfer need to be more explored. Therefore, the article investigates the link between entrepreneurial orientation and such spill overs by offering an outlook of two universities and two research-based spin offs in the United Kingdom. The scope is to provide a deep view of technological innovativeness in a research context, entrepreneurial oriented. Our research suggests that entrepreneurial attitude has become an imperative to succeed in the context where British institutions currently operate. Entrepreneurship brings the necessary technological innovation to the university and its students, which results in better positioning of the university at national and international levels, with the subsequent impact on their ability to attract not only new students and academics but also funding to conduct their research. Keywords Entrepreneurial orientation · Technological innovativeness · Research based spin off · Technology transfer theories
1 Introduction Starting from an interesting article by Audretsch (2014), the research attention toward technological innovativeness in an academic context has forged the present study. Audretsch clearly describes the shift to Romer’s (1986) economy from Solow’s (1956) * Veronica Scuotto [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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economy, pointing out the relevance of knowledge and then entrepreneurship in the current economic realm. In this line, a spill over effect is generated, moving from a mere knowledge producer to a commercialised knowledge (Audretsch 2014; Montoro-Sánchez et al. 2011; Villasalero 2013). The commercialization out of the universities has introduced new ways to transfer knowledge (Martin-Perez and Martin-Cruz 2015, Matsuo 2015, Krylova, Vera and Crossan 2016, Stadler and Fullagar 2016).—Not only research and development (R&D) within an enterprise but there is also the involvement of research institution in joint initiatives with enterprises (
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