A study of the structure, luminescence and cytotoxicity of new green-emitting terbium-doped CaS nanophosphors
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A study of the structure, luminescence and cytotoxicity of new green‑emitting terbium‑doped CaS nanophosphors S. Rekha1,2 · E. I. Anila1,3 Received: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract CaS nanoparticles have attracted significant attention due to their wide range of optoelectronic applications. The synthesis of CaS nanophosphors doped with different terbium concentrations through a simple wet chemical co-precipitation method using triethanolamine (TEOA) as a capping agent is reported here. X-ray diffractogram ensured that the nanoparticles were crystallized in the cubic phase with space groupFm3m . Morphology and particle size of the TEOA-capped CaS:Tb nanophosphors were determined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the samples were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy and UV–Vis absorption measurements. The prepared nanoparticles exhibited green luminescence, which is attributed to 5D4–7FJ transitions of terbium ions incorporated into the CaS lattice. The existence of various functional groups in the synthesized products was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The lifetime decay measurements showed that the lifetime of the samples was in the nanosecond range. Cytotoxicity analysis of the nanoparticles was carried out on L929 fibroblast cells, which confirmed that the nanoparticles are biocompatible across a wide range of concentrations. Our findings indicate that CaS:Tb nanophosphor could be a potential candidate as a green-emitting phosphor in optoelectronics and biomedical field.
1 Introduction Calcium sulfide (CaS) has become a promising material for the fabrication of many optoelectronic devices due to its wide bandgap and size-tunable optical properties [1]. With the development of nanotechnology, nanophosphors have gained considerable interest since they are superior to traditional phosphors on account of their small size and large surface-to-volume ratio. CaS nanophosphors have been synthesized by several investigators that find applications in cell imaging, biolabeling, cancer therapy, and drug delivery systems [2–7]. The fact that they are cadmium-free nanoscale semiconductors encouraged many researchers to conduct investigations on CaS nanostructures which confirmed * E. I. Anila [email protected] 1
Optoelectronic and Nanomaterials’ Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Aluva, Kerala 683102, India
2
Department of Physics, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala 682011, India
3
CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Bengaluru 560029, India
the applicability of these nanostructures in nanomedicine. Rare-earth ions incorporated into CaS nanoparticles result in remarkable changes in the optical and electronic properties of CaS. The luminescence of rare-earth elements originates from the intra configurational 4f–4f transitions, which give rise to sharp emission bands spanning the entire visible and ne
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