A study on water quality monitoring of Buddha Nullah, Ludhiana, Punjab (India)
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A study on water quality monitoring of Buddha Nullah, Ludhiana, Punjab (India) Jaskaran Kaur . Varinder Kaur . Yogesh B. Pakade . Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
Received: 22 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Diverse genotoxic agents, entering the aquatic environment through natural and anthropogenic events, pose serious threats to its biotic components. The present study involves the monitoring of water quality by assessing the genotoxic effects and physico-chemical parameters including heavy metals of 10 surface water samples collected from different locations of Buddha Nullah, a tributary of Sutlej flowing through Ludhiana, Punjab (India).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00719-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Kaur J. K. Katnoria (&) Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India e-mail: [email protected] J. Kaur e-mail: [email protected] V. Kaur Department of Chemistry- Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India e-mail: [email protected] Y. B. Pakade Cleaner Technology Centre, CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India e-mail: [email protected]
Genotoxicity was evaluated following Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay and DNA nicking assay using plasmid (pBR322) whilst the metal (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) analysis was conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. All water samples collected from the study area had cobalt and lead content more than the permissible limits (0.04 and 0.01, respectively) recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards and the World Health Organization. The samples also induced genotoxicity following both bioassays. The water samples collected from Gaunspur (GP), a site approx. 75.53 km upstream of the Sutlej-Buddha Nullah joining point, has shown the maximum genotoxic effect, i.e. 38.62% in terms of per cent total aberrant cells during A. cepa assay and 100% DNA damage during DNA nicking assay. The Pearson correlation indicated that genotoxicity had a significant positive correlation with the content of cobalt (at p B 0.5). During cluster analysis, the samples from 10 sites formed four statistically significant clusters based on the level of pollution that was dependent on two factors like similarity in physico-chemical characteristics and source of pollution at a specific site. Keywords Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay Plasmid nicking assay Metal Pollution index Pearson correlation Heavy metal pollution
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Environ Geochem Health
Introduction Freshwater bodies like rivers, lakes and streams are important aquatic ecosystem and are essential to support all vital necessities such as environmental stability, socio-cultural grow
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