A wireless passive extra-arterial implantable blood pressure monitoring sensing system for rats
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TECHNICAL PAPER
A wireless passive extra-arterial implantable blood pressure monitoring sensing system for rats Shiyan Hu1 • Hualing Chen1 • Shuhai Jia1 • Xue Xiao2 • Yongxiao Cao2 • Wanjun Wang3 Received: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel, wireless, passive, extra-arterial implantable blood pressure monitoring system was designed, fabricated, and tested. The measurement system is composed of an implantable sensor in-vivo and a readout system in-vitro. It was designed to balance the measurement accuracy and arterial invasiveness in continuous blood pressure monitoring. The passive LC resonant circuit was formed by a variable parallel-plate capacitance and a planar spiral inductor. It was fabricated and implanted in the necks of the rats to detect blood pressure changes. The variation of blood pressure was transduced into a change of the capacitance value of the variable parallel-plate capacitor, which caused a variation of the resonant frequency of the LC circuit. A readout probe with inductor coil was then used to measure the change of the resonant frequency of the LC circuit, and therefore indirectly measure the variation of blood pressure wirelessly. By measuring the resonant frequency with electromagnetic coupling of the implanted LC resonant sensor and the external inductor coil, a sensitivity of 8.53 kHz/mmHg for blood pressure measurement had been successfully achieved. The sensing distance is longer than 22 mm, which is enough for implementation of the wireless measurement. The overall size of the implantable sensor is 5 mm 9 1.1 mm. The wireless implantable blood pressure sensor may be used in biomedical research for continuous, accurate and arterial trauma free blood pressure monitoring.
1 Introduction As one of the most important physiological parameters, blood pressure plays an important role in disease diagnosis and biomedical researches. Long-term, real time, and continuous blood pressure monitoring is needed for many applications, such as assessing the cardiovascular function of animals and doing disease research (Whitesall et al. 2004). For medical treatment of patients, accurate blood pressure monitoring can help doctors detect high blood & Hualing Chen [email protected] & Yongxiao Cao [email protected] & Wanjun Wang [email protected] 1
College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2
Department of Pharmacology, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an 710049, China
3
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
pressure and cardiovascular disease earlier (Mayo Clinic Staff 2006). Some diseases are associated with the elevation or depression of internal pressure in a healthy and normal range, which inspires the demand for chronic, implantable pressure sensors (Yu et al. 2014). The most common methods for monitoring blood pressure are through tail-cuff and cat
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