ABCDE: Directing Student Observation During High-Fidelity Simulation
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INNOVATION
ABCDE: Directing Student Observation During High-Fidelity Simulation Josephine Seale 1
&
Abubakar Khan 2 & Barnaby Hirons 2 & Colin Butchers 1
Accepted: 7 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract To encourage an active learning environment during the observation stage of high-fidelity simulation, an observation tool was created to help students recognise and record the technical and non-technical skills identified whilst watching their peers. Future work will involve quantifying any educational benefits of the tool across the medical student cohort. Keywords High-fidelity simulation . Medical undergraduate . Observation tool . Active learning
Innovation Simulation-based education has become an established means of enabling medical students to both learn and practise technical and non-technical skills in a safe environment. As a result of large student numbers, the use of simulation in an undergraduate setting typically entails students alternating between participating and observing roles. High-fidelity simulation (Hi-Fi SIM) has been incorporated throughout the undergraduate medical curriculum at King’s College London (KCL). The aims of these sessions are two-fold: to enhance student knowledge and appreciation of the use of technical and non-technical (human factors) skills in clinical situations and to provide students the opportunity to develop and practise these skills in a lowrisk environment. Evaluation of this programme has resulted in positive feedback regarding the learning opportunities
* Josephine Seale [email protected] 1
GKT School of Medical Education, Simulation and Interactive Learning Centre (SaIL), King’s College London, Shepherds House, London, UK
2
Postgraduate Medical Department, Weston Education Centre, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
provided through active participation in the simulation. In contrast, mixed responses have been attained in relation to the observation component with the majority of students requesting a more active observer role. In addition, many students report uncertainty as to the technical and non-technical skills they are expected to look for whilst watching their peers. Previous research on simulation based education has advocated the use of observation tools in order to encourage directed as opposed to passive observation, a situation which has been reported to result in enhanced learner outcomes for the observer [1, 2]. In light of this, a unique observation tool was created which aims to foster a more active learning environment for students whilst they observe their peers. In response to student feedback, the tool also provides structured guidance on the technical and nontechnical skills frequently demonstrated in clinical practice. The resultant observation aid consists of two A4 sheets of paper with a similar A–E labelled format. The ‘A–E technical skills guidance sheet’ (Fig. 1) is based upon the UK Resuscitation Council’s ABCDE clinical assessment of acutely unwell patients [3]. In contrast, the ‘A–E non-technical skills gui
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