Adherence to National Food Guide Recommendations: Can It Slow the Obesity Epidemic? A Systematic Review
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DIABETES AND OBESITY (CB CHAN, SECTION EDITOR)
Adherence to National Food Guide Recommendations: Can It Slow the Obesity Epidemic? A Systematic Review Lara Pereira Saraiva Leão Borges 1 & Nayanna Lopes de Santana 2 & Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa 1,3,4,5 Accepted: 16 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Dietary guidelines (DG) have the objective to promote healthy diet and prevent chronic diseases. In order to evaluate if this purpose is being achieved, we systematically reviewed studies that associated adherence to DG with obesity. Recent Findings We identified 2012 articles published in the last 5 years, and 38 remained in the final sample. The majority of studies demonstrated a negative association between adherence to DG and obesity. Studies with positive or no association presented mutual characteristics, such as populations composed only by children or adolescents, and dietary intake or dietary adherence assessed through non-validated or weak methods. Summary Adherence to DG seems to be a protective factor for obesity in adults, but this relationship is not so clear for children and adolescents. To improve the quality of dietary intake results, studies must utilize appropriate methods to answer their questions with less biased estimate of dietary intake. Keywords Dietary guidelines . Dietary intake . Food consumption . Body mass index . Adiposity
Introduction Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are documents that attempt to translate a vast evidence base, regarding the This article is part of the Topical Collection on Diabetes and Obesity Supplementary Information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s13668-020-00339-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa [email protected] Lara Pereira Saraiva Leão Borges [email protected] Nayanna Lopes de Santana [email protected] 1
Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70919-970, Brazil
2
School of Health Science, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70919-970, Brazil
3
University of Oxford, Oxford, England
4
Human Nutrition Research, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, England
5
Sabbatical at Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
relationship between dietary intake and health, into practical and comprehensible recommendations. The main objective of these documents is to promote overall health and prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCD), through a healthy and balanced diet that provides required nutrients. FBDGs are based on the specific public health and nutrition priorities of the target population, as well as the food production, dietary patterns, food composition data, sociocultural factors, and other features [1, 2]. FBDGs are usually developed for all healthy individuals over 2 years of age. However, many countries have also designed specific guidelines for children under 2 years or population groups with special nutritional need
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