Adsorption of 140 La and 144 Ce radionuclides on ZnO nanoparticles: equilibrium and kinetics studies
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Adsorption of 140La and 144Ce radionuclides on ZnO nanoparticles: equilibrium and kinetics studies Faleh Z. Alqahtany1 · M. Khalil2 Received: 17 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract A comparative evaluation adsorption of 140La and 144Ce from water solutions on chemical ZnO (ZnO-C) and green synthesis ZnO (ZnO-G) by Nerium oleander flowers extract. Various parameters including pH, time and concentration were optimized to achieve maximum adsorption capacity. The adsorption efficiency of 140La and 144Ce was 59 and 69 on ZnO-G and 61 and 44% on ZnO-C respectively. Langmuir and pseudo-second order kinetic models were best suited to explain the adsorption process. The amount adsorbed of 140La and 144Ce ions at equilibrium (qe) was 23.9 and 27.8 on ZnO-G and 17.8 and 24.5 mg/g on ZnO-C respectively. Keywords ZnO adsorbent · Adsorption kinetics · Equilibrium modeling · Lanthanum · Cerium
Introduction Nuclear fission products are the remaining atomic parts of the thermal neutron fission of 235U and 239Pu or a mixture of 235 U and 239Pu [1]. Usually, a large nucleus is crevice into two minimal nuclei, with little neutrons, releasing thermal energy, and gamma rays. The two minimal nuclei are fission products [2]. Because nuclear fission products are relatively rich in neutrons due to their atomic number, numerous of the fission products themselves are generally unstable and therefore radioactive; it is therefore rapidly subject to beta decomposition. It emission extra energy in the form of beta molecules, neutrinos, and gamma rays [2]. Therefore, nuclear fission reactions usually outcome in beta and gamma radiation [3]. The principle elements in the fission product mixture from the nuclear fission of 235U or 239Pu are 76Ge, 79Se, 85 Kr, 87Rb, 89, 90Sr, 91Y, 95, 96Zr, 95Nb, 99Mo, 99Tc, 106Ru, 105 Rh, 125Sn, 128Te, 131I, 133, 136Xe, 134, 137Cs, 140Ba and lanthanides (140La, 141, 144Ce, 143Pr, 144, 147, 150Nd, 147Pm, 147Sm, 154, 155 Eu and 161Tb [4]. The produced radionuclides have * M. Khalil [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 13759, Egypt
2
varying half-lives, and therefore vary in radioactivity [5]. For instance, 141Ce and 144Ce are produced in similar quantities in fission, and each nucleus decays by beta emission. But 141Ce has a 100-day half-life, and 144Ce a 10- year halflife. The radioactive emission rate is highest for the shortest lived radionuclides, although they also decay the fastest [6]. Operation of research reactors in Egypt (ETRR-1 and ETRR-2) has been results different types of these fission products in addition to the production and application of radioisotopes in medicine, research and education [7]. A great deal of the lighter lanthanides (lanthanum and cerium) is formed as fission product wastes from nuclear reactions. The amounts of lanthanum and cerium generated by one
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