Aeration requirement and energy consumption of reactor-composting of rose pomace influenced by C/N ratio
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Aeration requirement and energy consumption of reactor-composting of rose pomace influenced by C/N ratio Kamil Ekinci & İsmail Tosun & Barbaros Salih Kumbul & Fevzi Şevik & Kemal Sülük & Necati Berk Bıtrak
Received: 26 February 2019 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract As the composting industry develops rapidly in the world, the compost producers have focused on the efficiency of energy utilization in production without restricting the quality of compost in the forced ventilation systems. Therefore, this experimental study quantified the impacts of initial C/N ratio on aeration requirement and energy consumption due to aeration for reactor composting of rose pomace through kinetics of the process using fifteen 100-l composting reactors. The results of the study showed that initial C/N ratio significantly affected decomposition rate, compost maturity, and dry matter losses and organic matter losses (P < 0.05). The maximum decomposition rate (0.072 day−1) and the highest degree of progression of the composting process existed at the mixture with initial C/N ratio of 24.26. The results underlined the K. Ekinci (*) : B. S. Kumbul Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260 Isparta, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] İ. Tosun : N. B. Bıtrak Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey F. Şevik Pilot University of Central Coordination Unit, Bingol University, 12100 Bingol, Turkey K. Sülük Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mus Alparslan University, 49250 Mus, Turkey
importance of the initial C/N of composting of rose pomace in terms of energy consumption due to aeration. In particular, more mature compost within a short time can be obtained when composting was operated with a C/N ratio of 23.7–25.8 in the expense of requiring more airflow rate, fan power, and energy consumption by aeration fan per composting material. Keywords Composting . Rose pomace . Aeration . Energy requirement . Decomposition . C/N ratio
Introduction Composting is an environmentally friendly disposal method for the recovery of organic waste. The main objective of the process is to transform organic materials into a stable, usable product, ideally free of pathogens that can be beneficially applied to land. Good management of composting necessitates that composting plant should be efficiently designed and run (Araujo et al. 2015; Evangelou et al. 2016; Al-Khateeb et al. 2017; Rashidi et al. 2017; Al-Sari et al. 2018; Forján et al. 2018; AlMadbouh et al. 2019; Srivastava et al. 2020). There are many unknown parameters, which leads to poor design if underestimated. The interrelationship between process and product for proper process design of composting needs to be developed. Ekinci et al. (2004) highlighted that aeration is the key element for modern composting facilities, most of which employ forced aeration metho
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