Allometry, Function and Shape Diversification in the Inner Ear of Platyrrhine Primates
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Allometry, Function and Shape Diversification in the Inner Ear of Platyrrhine Primates Joaquin del Rio 1 & Leandro Aristide 2 & Sergio F. dos Reis 3 & Thais M. P. dos Santos 4 & Ricardo T. Lopes 4 & S. Ivan Perez 1,5
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The diversification of anatomical structures with functional importance during the branching process of a clade is a widely studied phenomenon in evolutionary biology. In recent years, there is a growing interest in the study of the inner ear, a structure associated with hearing, locomotion, and indirectly, with body size. These studies have been particularly important in primates. The platyrrhine radiation is an ideal system in which to study inner ear diversification because it is one of the major groups of living primates and an example of an adaptive radiation related to body size and ecological characteristics. In this work, we used micro-tomography, 3D geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to explore the pattern of shape variation in the inner ear of platyrrhines and to assess whether this variation is related to size, locomotion, and vocalization. Our main results suggest that (1) diversification of inner ear morphology was achieved early in the radiation, particularly for the shape of the semicircular canals and the relative size of the cochlea; (2) inner ear shape diversification is generally not associated with changes in vocalization features or locomotion behaviors; and (3) conversely, body size is a strong predictor of inner ear shape. This last result contrasts with recent studies indicating that allometry has weak effects on platyrrhine cranial diversification and suggests complex factors driving inner ear diversification in the clade. Keywords Phylogenetic structure . Adaptive radiation . Microtomography . Geometric morphometrics . Phylogenetic comparative method
Introduction The relationship between form and function, as well as the ecological relevance of morphological characters, has been widely explored in ecological and evolutionary studies since the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-019-09490-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. Ivan Perez [email protected] 1
División Antropología, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
2
École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
3
Departamento de Biologia Animal, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
4
Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
5
Conicet, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
nineteenth century (e.g., Darwin 1859; van der Klaauw 1948; Radinsky 1987; Losos and Mahler 2010). The conceptual basis to understand this relationship was established early in Darwin’s studies and then systematized in several disciplines, such as in Anthropology (Moss and Young 1960), Mastozoology and Paleob
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