An Attempt to Reconstruct the Phylogeny of the Hipposideros Leaf-nosed Bats Based on Nuclear Gene Markers
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RAL BIOLOGY
An Attempt to Reconstruct the Phylogeny of the Hipposideros Leaf-nosed Bats Based on Nuclear Gene Markers A. P. Yusefovicha, I. V. Artyushina, A. A. Raspopovaa, A. A. Bannikovaa, and S. V. Kruskopb,* Presented by Academician V. V. Rozhnov Received March 23, 2020; revised April 14, 2020; accepted April 15, 2020
Abstract—The genus Hipposideros is one of the largest bat genera. The latest research on its Asian representatives has been done only with mitochondrial or sole nuclear markers. In the present study we compare the results of phylogenetic reconstructions, based on mitochondrial, on single nuclear genes and on multiple nuclear markers analyzed using the MRP algorithm (Matrix representation with parsimony) for representative species from all the main species groups. MRP analysis provides the most supported and well-interpretable phylogeny. Our data indicate monophyly of the large Asian leaf-nosed bats which suggests they are an independent taxon of the subgenus rank, as well as monophyly of several species complexes which are paraphyletic according to mtDNA analysis. Keywords: bats, taxonomy, phylogeny, nuclear DNA, Hipposideridae DOI: 10.1134/S0012496620040109
INTRODUCTION Hipposideros is the central genus in the Hipposideridae family and one of the largest mammalian genera, including at least 65 modern species [1]. Most authors use the system proposed by Hill [2], in which the genus was divided into several species groups, with a very rough estimate of the hierarchy and relationships between them. Recent molecular genetic studies [3, 4] have confirmed the monophyly of the genus Hipposideros (which was disputed earlier: [5, 6]), provided that the species groups “commersoni” and “cyclops” are raised to the generic rank with names—Macronycteris and Doryrhina, respectively. The only work based on the use of multiple nuclear genes [4] focuses on specific African lineages and pays almost no attention to the structure of the genus Hipposideros itself, especially of Asian part of its diversity. Thus, the phylogenetic structure of the genus remains poorly understood. At the same time, the results of DNA barcoding [7] and particular studies on individual species groups (e.g. [8, 9]) show that the taxonomic diversity of the genus is underestimated. We conducted phylogenetic reconstructions using multiple genetic markers for taxa from most of species a Biological
Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia b Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
groups of the genus Hipposideros (primarily of Southeast Asian origin). MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from tissue samples fixed in ethanol using the standard phenol-chloroform deproteinization method [10]. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb; 1129 bp) and fragments of seven nuclear genes (ABHD11, 460 bp; ACOX2, 569 bp; COPS, 722 bp; RAG2, 1035 bp; ROGDI2, 501 bp; SORBS2, 594 bp; and THY, 546 bp) were obtained. The choice of these nuclear markers is determined by their variability
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