An automatic EEG-based sleep staging system with introducing NAoSP and NAoGP as new metrics for sleep staging systems
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
An automatic EEG-based sleep staging system with introducing NAoSP and NAoGP as new metrics for sleep staging systems Mesut Melek1
•
Negin Manshouri2 • Temel Kayikcioglu2
Received: 29 April 2020 / Revised: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Different biological signals are recorded in sleep labs during sleep for the diagnosis and treatment of human sleep problems. Classification of sleep stages with electroencephalography (EEG) is preferred to other biological signals due to its advantages such as providing clinical information, cost-effectiveness, comfort, and ease of use. The evaluation of EEG signals taken during sleep by clinicians is a tiring, time-consuming, and error-prone method. Therefore, it is clinically mandatory to determine sleep stages by using software-supported systems. Like all classification problems, the accuracy rate is used to compare the performance of studies in this domain, but this metric can be accurate when the number of observations is equal in classes. However, since there is not an equal number of observations in sleep stages, this metric is insufficient in the evaluation of such systems. For this purpose, in recent years, Cohen’s kappa coefficient and even the sensitivity of NREM1 have been used for comparing the performance of these systems. Still, none of them examine the system from all dimensions. Therefore, in this study, two new metrics based on the polygon area metric, called the normalized area of sensitivity polygon and normalized area of the general polygon, are proposed for the performance evaluation of sleep staging systems. In addition, a new sleep staging system is introduced using the applications offered by the MATLAB program. The existing systems discussed in the literature were examined with the proposed metrics, and the best systems were compared with the proposed sleep staging system. According to the results, the proposed system excels in comparison with the most advanced machine learning methods. The single-channel method introduced based on the proposed metrics can be used for robust and reliable sleep stage classification from all dimensions required for real-time applications. Keywords EEG Sleep stage classification PAM Sensitivity polygon General polygon
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-020-09641-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The classification of sleep stages is very important both in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep problems and in research, such as child behavior analysis. Experts in this 2
& Mesut Melek [email protected]; [email protected]
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
Negin Manshouri [email protected] Temel Kayikcioglu [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics a
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