An Improved Direct Digital Synthesizer Using Hybrid Wave Pipelining and CORDIC algorithm for Software Defined Radio
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An Improved Direct Digital Synthesizer Using Hybrid Wave Pipelining and CORDIC algorithm for Software Defined Radio M. Madheswaran · T. Menakadevi
Received: 30 October 2011 / Revised: 7 September 2012 / Published online: 2 October 2012 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract The improved Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) using the Hybrid Wave Pipelining (HWP) technique and COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm for Software Defined Radio (SDR) is presented in this paper. In order to achieve high throughput, the hybrid wave pipelining technique is adopted. The HWP can be used to speed up the circuits without insertion of storage elements. The CORDIC algorithm is used for phase-to-amplitude conversion and utilized for dynamic transformation rather than Read Only Memory (ROM) static addressing. The frequency resolution and phase resolution are achieved as 0.023 Hz and 0.088 degree, respectively, at the maximum operating frequency of 199.288 MHz for the proposed DDS architecture. The spectral purity of the proposed design has been improved to 114 dBc with a throughput of 94 %. This paper is focused on the design and implementation of DDS using hybrid wave pipelining with CORDIC approach to target on Xilinx Spartan 3 (XC3S400-5PQ208) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with a speed grade of −5. The proposed DDS design reduces the gate count from 49.4 % to 18.2 % as compared to the conventional pipelined Read Only Memory Look Up Table (ROMLUT) DDS method. The throughput of the proposed method has been improved from 78 % to 94 % and 55 % of total power reduction as compared with conventional DDS. The performance of the improved DDS architecture is compared with several existing DDS architectures and it is found that the present design is outperforming and can be used for software defined radios.
M. Madheswaran () Centre for Research and Development, Muthayammal Engineering College, Rasipuram 637408, India e-mail: [email protected] T. Menakadevi Department of ECE, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur 635109, India e-mail: [email protected]
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Circuits Syst Signal Process (2013) 32:1219–1238
Keywords Software defined radio · Direct digital synthesis · Hybrid wave pipelining · CORDIC · VLSI
1 Introduction Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) is an electronic method for digitally creating arbitrary waveforms and frequencies from a single, fixed source frequency. With the development of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSI) technology and the requirement of modern communication systems, direct digital synthesizers have been widely used in software defined radios and wireless transceivers [29]. A DDS can achieve fast frequency switching in small frequency steps over a wide band. In addition, it provides linear phase and frequency shifting with good spectral purity. The DDS is used especially for a precise, high frequency and a phase tunable output [27, 33]. A.L. McEwan et al. [14] have proposed a ROM-less Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS) using non-linear interp
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