Analysis of Meteorological Drought Resilience and Risk Assessment of Groundwater Using Signal Analysis Method
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Analysis of Meteorological Drought Resilience and Risk Assessment of Groundwater Using Signal Analysis Method Yuan-Chien Lin 1
1
& En-Dian Kuo & Wan-Ju Chi
1
Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
Groundwater plays an important role in mitigating drought. It is necessary to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of groundwater and establish an appropriate assessment for the risk of drought for disaster prevention. This study developed a novel approach for the drought risk assessment system based on the Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) method to understand the spatial distribution of the risk of drought in terms of groundwater. We analyzed drought vulnerability applying the HHT to analyze the variation characteristics of groundwater level spatiotemporally and the physical mechanism of groundwater factors to quantify groundwater sensitivity to the environment, and present the resilience of each region. Furthermore, the drought hazard was determined using the standardized precipitation index and the dynamic drought intensity gave the durability characteristics of each region. The drought exposure was also investigated, which quantifies the water demand to satisfy people’s livelihoods for a certain population density. Based on the framework proposed in this study, an overall risk map of droughts in the Pingtung Plain was obtained. This study effectively classified the main time– frequency characteristics, the availability of groundwater, and the risk of drought in each region. A total of 11 of the 45 groundwater monitoring stations are located at the highest risk of level 5, most of which are located in the coastal area of Gaoping River and Linbian River. Over-pumping should be avoided in these areas. On the contrary, the alluvial fan area showed the lowest groundwater risk of drought. The results can be adopted for water management, drought resilience, sustainable development of groundwater resources, and decision making in determining drought risk. Keywords Drought risk assessment . Hilbert Huang transform . Groundwater resources . Vulnerability
* Yuan-Chien Lin [email protected]
1
Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
Lin Y.-C. et al.
1 Introduction Drought is one of the most serious natural disasters. The impact of a drought is gradual, and the long-term impact is often greater than that of other natural disasters (Wilhite et al. 2007). The WWDR 2018 (2018 UN World Water Development Report) points out that climate change accelerates the global water cycle, leading to drought and heavy rainfall events more frequently (Houngbo 2018). The drought crisis has thus been classified as a major disaster (Houngbo 2018; Studies and Inc. 2015). With climate change, drought events in southwestern Europe and North America are expected to be more frequent and severe by the end of the twenty-first century (Kang and Sridhar 2017, 2018). The increase in water demand and the impact of artificially pumped groundwater w
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