Animal movement varies with resource availability, landscape configuration and body size: a conceptual model and empiric
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Animal movement varies with resource availability, landscape configuration and body size: a conceptual model and empirical example Tim S. Doherty
. Charles N. Fist . Don A. Driscoll
Received: 12 December 2018 / Accepted: 5 March 2019 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Context Animals must move to find food, shelter and mates, and escape predation and competition. Changes in landscape configuration and resource availability can disrupt natural movement, negatively impacting fitness and population persistence. Objectives Here, we propose a conceptual model to better understand the interactive effects of landscape configuration, resource availability and body size on animal movement. We then apply this model to a field study of reptile movement in a fragmented farming landscape. Methods We radio-tracked dragons in a large rectangular remnant (with high tree cover) and a series of narrow linear remnants (low tree cover). Soil nutrients and beetle abundance (potential food) were higher in the linear remnants compared to the large rectangular remnant. Using 2301 tracking points from 59 individual 9 month combinations, we calculated activity area size and shape, daily movement rate and monthly displacement distance. Results Activity area size and daily movement rate were lower in the linear remnants compared to the large rectangular remnant and increased with body size. Activity area linearity increased in linear
T. S. Doherty (&) C. N. Fist D. A. Driscoll Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia e-mail: [email protected]
remnants for larger animals only. Monthly displacement distance did not vary according to tree cover or body size. Conclusions Dragons reduced their movement in linear remnants that have higher resource availability. Larger animals were more affected by landscape configuration as the dimensions of their normal activity areas exceeded the typical widths of the linear remnants. Future studies of animal movement in production landscapes will benefit from incorporating measures of resource availability, body size and landscape configuration to test predictions derived from theory. Keywords Biodiversity conservation Habitat fragmentation Home range Land use change Movement ecology Spatial ecology
Introduction Habitat loss is the leading cause of biodiversity loss, threatening more than 75% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species (IUCN 2010). Landscapes managed for farming, forestry and mining typically have altered species assemblages as sensitive species decline or become extinct, and adaptable species persist or flourish (Devictor et al. 2008; Newbold et al. 2015). Movement is essential for animal survival in
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Landscape Ecol
these landscapes as animals move to find food, mates and shelter, and escape competition and predation. To effectively conserve species in production landscapes, we need an understanding o
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