Anisakid nematode larvae in the liver of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L . from West Greenland
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FISH PARASITOLOGY - ORIGINAL PAPER
Anisakid nematode larvae in the liver of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. from West Greenland Natacha L Severin 1 & Margaryta Yurchenko 1 & Jonas S Sørensen 2 & Shaozhi Zuo 1 & Asma M Karami 1 & Per W Kania 1 & K Buchmann 1 Received: 13 August 2019 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Anisakid nematode larvae occur frequently in the liver of Atlantic cod, but merely few infection data from cod in waters around Greenland exist. The present study reports the occurrence of third-stage anisakid larvae in the livers of 200 Atlantic cod caught on fishing grounds along the West coast of Greenland (fjord systems of Maniitsoq) in May, June, August and September 2017. Classical and molecular helminthological techniques were used to identify the nematodes. A total of 200 cod livers were examined, and 194 were infected with third-stage nematode larvae (overall prevalence of infection 97%) with a mean intensity of 10.3 (range between 1 and 44 parasites per fish). Prevalences recorded were 96% for Anisakis simplex (s.l.), 55% for Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.l.) and 8% for Contracaecum osculatum (s.l.). Sequencing the mtDNA cox2 from 8 out of 23 these latter larvae conferred these to C. osculatum sp. B. A clear seasonal variation was observed, with a rise in A. simplex (s.l.) and P. decipiens (s.l.) occurrence in June and August and a decline in September. The study may serve as a baseline for future investigations using the three anisakids as biological indicators in Greenland waters. Keywords Cod . Parasite . Biological indicators . North Atlantic
Introduction The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), considered one of the most popular and economically valuable commercial fish species (Cohen et al. 1990; ICES2005), has a wide distribution from the Arctic Ocean in the North, the East and the West Atlantic to the North and Baltic Seas. In Greenland waters, the Atlantic cod populations have fluctuated markedly over the years, especially in West Greenland where the population collapsed in the 1990s (Buch et al. 1994; Storr-Paulsen and Wieland 2006). Today, the West Greenland cod fishery is increasing and gaining substantial importance based on several biologically different stocks (Bonanomi et al. 2015; ICES Advisory Committee 2017). Atlantic cod occurring in Section Editor: Simonetta Mattiucci * K Buchmann [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
2
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Greenland waters is considered to be composed of four different stocks: two offshore populations that spawn in West and East Greenland, one inshore stock spawning in West Greenland and one offshore stock with spawning grounds in Icelandic waters (Wieland 2002; Storr-Paulsen and Wieland 2006; Overgaard-Therkildsen et al. 2013; Bonanomi et al. 2015; Bonanomi et al. 2016, ICES 2017). Cod populatio
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