Antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of local chilies varieties in Malaysia
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of local chilies varieties in Malaysia Chan Suk Huei1 • Azrina Azlan1,2,3 • Amin Ismail1,2,3 • Nurul Husna Shafie1 Sharmin Sultana1
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Revised: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract Obesity is a serious health concern as it may initiate common chronic diseases. Chili pepper is an important spice that brings spiciness and commonly used in cuisines. However, the antioxidant and anti-obesity properties of chili varieties in Malaysia has not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant (content and activity) and anti-obesity properties of five different varieties of local chili peppers. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined through ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 20 azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Cell cytotoxicity of the selected chili extracts was determined in 3T3-L1 pre adipocytes using cell viability assay (MTT) assay. Whereas the ability to inhibit oil accumulation in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes of the selected chili pepper extracts was assayed using Oil Red O staining. The results showed that Kulai 568 pulp extract had the highest level of total phenolic content (TPC) (47.88 ± 0.220 mg GAE/g), whereas Centil pulp extract had the highest level of total flavonoid content Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04400-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Azrina Azlan [email protected] 1
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Research Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and NonCommunicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
(TFC) (26.60 ± 0.52 mg QE/g). In term of antioxidant activities, Bara pulp extract had the highest value in FRAP (3.058 ± 0.002 mM Fe2?/mg extract) and ABTS (IC50= 12.411 ± 0.025). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, Bara pulp extract has the highest level of capsaicin (72.271 ± 0.957 lg/ml). In terms of inhibition of oil accumulation Centil seed extract presented the best result (69.09–92.20%), while Bara pulp extract inhibited the most pancreatic lipase activity (IC50= 4.84 ± 0.57 lg/ml). Thus, it is suggested that Centil seed and Bara pulp extracts can be a potent antioxidant and anti-obesity agents. Keywords Anti-obesity properties Chilli pepper Capsaicin Antioxidant compounds Diet interventions Abbreviations BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene BHA Butylated hydroxyanisole HPLC High performance liquid chromatography TPC Total phenolic content TFC Total flavonoids content EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
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