Assessing the immediate impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the air quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India
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Assessing the immediate impact of COVID‑19 lockdown on the air quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India Mohan Sarkar1 · Anupam Das2 · Sutapa Mukhopadhyay1 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24 March 2020 and was further extended up to 3 May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. The study is designed to assess the changes in air quality from the prelockdown period to the during lockdown period in Kolkata and Howrah municipal corporation, West Bengal, India. GIS-based techniques include the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants using interpolation method, and on the other hand, statistical methods like analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences two phases and correlation matrix helps to understand the changing association of the pollutants in pre- and during lockdown phases. Significant correlations have been found among the pollutants, ANOVA (Two-Way) has shown the significant mean difference of NAQI between the two phases, F(1,611) = 465.723, p
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