Assessment of natural coagulants to remediate Tunisian textile wastewater by combining physicochemical, analytical, and
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Assessment of natural coagulants to remediate Tunisian textile wastewater by combining physicochemical, analytical, and toxicological data Nosra Methneni 1,2 & Roel Anthonissen 2 & Jolien Van de Maele 2 & Fatma Trifa 3 & Luc Verschaeve 2 & Hedi Ben Mansour 1 & Birgit Mertens 2,4 Received: 5 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Due to the complexity and variability of textile wastewater composition, a constant search for new treatment strategies that are efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective is mandatory. In the present study, the efficiency of coagulation-flocculation using biocoagulants derived from cactus Opuntia ficus indica and eggplant Solanum melongena to remove toxic compounds from Tunisian textile wastewater samples was evaluated by combining assays to investigate physicochemical properties and in vitro (geno)toxicity with analytical chemistry. Both natural coagulants could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the textile wastewater samples compared to the traditionally used chemical coagulant. The highest rate of decolorization was achieved after treatment with the cactus-derived coagulant. The analytical study revealed the presence of only crystal violet dye (CV) in only one sample. Both natural coagulants were able to remove CV, which may (partially) explain the decolorization of the treated samples. Only one untreated textile effluent induced a genotoxic response in the VITOTOX® assay. The genotoxic effect was not linked to the presence of CV and was no longer observed after treatment with each of the natural coagulants, suggesting the effectiveness of the remediation treatments to remove potentially genotoxic compound(s). However, in the other genotoxicity tests, no biologically relevant effects were observed for any of the tested samples. In conclusion, although the physicochemical data indicate that the use of natural coagulants (cactus and eggplant) could be an interesting alternative treatment process to the chemical coagulant for detoxifying textile effluents, these results were only partially supported by the toxicological and analytical data. Keywords Textile effluents . Biocoagulants . Physicochemical properties . Bioassays . Analytical chemistry
Introduction
Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu * Birgit Mertens [email protected] 1
Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment– APAE (UR17ES32), Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
2
Scientific Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
3
Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
4
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
The textile industry represents one of the most important economic sectors in Tunisia. There are over 2086 large-scale textile industries concentrated mainly (80%) along the
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