Association between the 4G/5G polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene and sudden sensorineural he
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Association between the 4G/5G polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1 (PAI‑1) gene and sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Caucasian population: a meta‑analysis Zhenxing Wei1 · Kunpeng Chang1 · Chongsheng Fan1 Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To clarify the association between the 4G/5G polymorphism of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods A systematic literature search of related studies up to August 30, 2019 in the PubMed and Embase databases was performed, and the results were displayed by odds ratios (ORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed using the STATA12.0 software using an allele model and a recessive model. Results Three eligible studies covering 519 subjects (241 cases, 278 controls) were identified. No statistically significant association was detected between the 4G/5G polymorphism and SSNHL in any model (allele model: 5G vs. 4G, OR = 0.952, 95% CI = 0.765–1.185, P = 0.662; recessive model: 5G/5G vs. 4G/5G + 4G/4G, OR = 0.841, 95% CI = 0.415–1.704, P = 0.631). Conclusions There is no statistically significant association between the 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene and SSNHL in the Caucasian population, and well-designed studies covering more patients and institutions should be conducted. Keywords 4G/5G polymorphism · Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) · Sudden sensorineural hearing loss · Caucasian population · Meta-analysis
Introduction Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as a sudden onset of sensorineural hearing loss occurring over a 72-h period, with a decrease in hearing of > 30 decibels (dB) affecting at least three consecutive audiometric frequencies [1]. The incidence of SSNHL is approximately 27 per 100,000 persons per year in the United States [2], and the financial burden attributed to SSNHL is high due to its unknown pathogenesis and long disease course [3]. Additionally, the high incidence of associated symptoms of SSNHL, including dizziness (30–40%) [3] and tinnitus (90%) [4], results in considerable costs for patients. Several aetiological theories regarding SSNHL have been proposed by various studies. These studies proposed that the * Zhenxing Wei [email protected] 1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Middle No. 288 Zhongzhou Road, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China
causes of SSNHL include infection, trauma, autoimmune disorder, inner ear anomaly, and central nervous system disorders [5]. According to a series of studies, the risk factors of SSNHL include cardiovascular disease, cigarette smoking, and hypertension, and its prognostically at-risk indicators include advanced age, severe hearing loss, heredity, audiogram shape, and presence of vertigo [6–13]. Studies concerning the association between SSNHL and genetic risk factors have proposed that the mutations for interleuk
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