Association between total and regional body fat to bone parameters of university athletes
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Association between total and regional body fat to bone parameters of university athletes Priscila Custódio Martins1 · Tiago Rodrigues de Lima1 · Mikael Seabra Moraes1 · Diego Augusto Santos Silva1 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between total and regional body fat to BMD and BMC among university athletes. Cross-sectional study with 167 university athletes (18–35 years). BMD, BMC, body fat total and android, gynoid, arms and legs, and lean tissue mass were obtained using dual X-ray absorptiometry. In male athletes, BMC presented a direct association with total body fat (β = 0.134, CI 0.606, 2.092), android (β = 1.065, CI = 0.394, 1.735), gynoid (β = 0.059, CI 26, 0.092), arms (β = 1.259, CI = 0.531, 1.988), and legs (β = 0.041, CI 0.017, 0.564). In female athletes, there was a direct association between BMC and total fat (β = 1708, CI 0.585, 2.831), android (β = 1.315, CI 0.488, 2.151), gynoid (β = 0.069, CI 0.026, 0.112), arms (β = 0.996, CI 0.022, 1.971), and legs (β = 0.031, CI 0.004, 0.059). Concluded BMD had no association with total and regional body fat in athletes of both genders. It is concluded that total and regional body fat contributed directly to BMC, but not to BMD in athletes. Keywords Bone remodeling · Body composition · Subcutaneous fat · Sports · Student health
Introduction Bone mass is the major determinant of bone fracture risk in adults [1], in which reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) values were directly associated with deterioration of the bone tissue macro-architecture and osteoporosis [1, 2]. In contrast, body mass has been described as an important predictor of bone mass, reflecting in part the adaptation of the skeleton to mechanical stress arising from the body’s own support, which leads to the formation of new bone structures (osteogenesis) [3]. BMC is the measurement in grams (g) of the amount of bone minerals detected in the entire body or in certain body segments, for example, arms, legs, and spine [4]. BMD measures the density of ores existing in a specific area of bone, and it is quantified by the division between the BMC and the total area. In this quantification, BMC is measured * Priscila Custódio Martins [email protected] 1
Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, University Campus, Trindade District, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040‑900, Brazil
in grams (g), and the area is quantified in square centimeters (cm2) [4]. In summary, BMC represents the individual’s bone mass or “bone weight”, while BMD represents how “strong” or dense the bone is. In this sense, bone health analysis, using BMD and BMC indicators, is essential in the study of physiological and pathological conditions, demonstrating importance both in clinical contexts, in the diagnosis of osteoporosis, and in sports contexts, as p
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