Attachment, emotion regulation and anger expression in adolescent depression: Did comorbid anxiety disorder not have a r
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Attachment, emotion regulation and anger expression in adolescent depression: Did comorbid anxiety disorder not have a role? Gonca Özyurt 1 & Yusuf Öztürk 2
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Merve Onat 3 & Caner Mutlu 4 & Aynur Akay 5
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Depression is a common mental health problem in adolescence. In this study it was aimed to investigate attachment properties, emotion regulation skills and anger expression patterns in adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to compare the results with healthy controls’ findings. Effects of having comorbid anxiety disorder (AD) to these psychological properties were also evaluated. The study was planned as three-centered, single-disciplinary, a cross-sectional study with a control group in Turkey. Depression group was consisted of 97 adolescents while control group was 101 adolescents. All participants were administered Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Depression group had statistically lower scores in peer attachment and parent attachment, and higher scores in all subscales of DERS compared to the controls. Due to STAXI, it was observed that depression group obtained statistically significant higher scores in trait anger, repression of anger, expression of anger and statistically lower scores in control of anger, compared the controls. There was no difference in state anger between groups. In depression group, there were no significant differences for any promising psychiatric properties between adolescents with MDD and those with MDD + AD. The findings of this study supported that anger expression and emotional regulation difficulties were related with depression and that this relationship was also associated by attachment security. These findings are important for clinical practice to increase understanding of the association between attachment security, emotion regulation, anger expression and depression. Keywords Adolescent . Attachment . Anger expression . Depression . Emotion regulation
Introduction Depression is a common mental health problem in adolescence. Studies have shown that depressive disorder increases with age; the rate was 1% in preschool adolescents; in school * Yusuf Öztürk [email protected] 1
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Izmir Katip Çelebi University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Golkoy, 14030 Bolu, Turkey
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Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nevsehir State Hospital, Nevsehir City, Turkey
4
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakırköy Mental Health and Disorders Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey
age it was 3%, and in adolescents this ratio was 20% (Gadow et al. 2001; Costello et
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