Automated Mechanical Weeding
One of the most important agriculture practices is to properly manage weeds because weeds negatively affect crop yield and quality. There are many types of commercial mechanical weeders that use the three main physical techniques: burying, cutting, and up
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tomation: The Future of Weed Control in Cropping Systems
Automation: The Future of Weed Control in Cropping Systems
Stephen L. Young • Francis J. Pierce Editors
Automation: The Future of Weed Control in Cropping Systems
Editors Stephen L. Young Department of Agronomy and Horticulture West Central Research & Extension Center University of Nebraska-Lincoln North Platte, NE, USA
Francis J. Pierce Departments of Crop and Soil Sciences and Biological Systems Engineering Washington State University Prosser, Washington, USA
ISBN 978-94-007-7511-4 ISBN 978-94-007-7512-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7512-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013954786 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
Since the dawn of agriculture, man has struggled with controlling species competitive to their crops. Many technologies and strange machines have been developed to kill or retard weeds that have often used lots of cheap energy. These days energy is not so cheap, and the indiscriminate distribution of off-target chemicals have caused widespread problems to economics and the environment as well as a detrimental public perception. The main change in recent years has be
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