Autonomous Vessel Scheduling
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Autonomous Vessel Scheduling Wei Zhang1 · Shuai-An Wang1,2 Received: 8 June 2018 / Revised: 2 July 2018 / Accepted: 28 August 2018 © Operations Research Society of China, Periodicals Agency of Shanghai University, Science Press, and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract This study deals with an autonomous vessel scheduling problem when collaboration exists between port operators and an autonomous vessel company. A mixedinteger nonlinear programming model is developed, including decisions in assigning autonomous vessels to berths at each port and the optimal arrival time of each vessel at each port in an entire autonomous shipping network. This study aims to minimize the total cost of fuel consumption and the delay penalty of an autonomous vessel company. The nonlinear programming model is linearized and further solved using off-the-shelf solvers. Several experiments are conducted to test the effectiveness of the model and to draw insights for commercializing autonomous vessels. Results show that a company may speed up an autonomous vessel with short-distance voyage once fuel price decreases to gain additional benefits. Keywords Autonomous vessel · Autonomous ship · Ship scheduling · Berth allocation Mathematics Subject Classification 15A39
1 Introduction The autonomous vessel industry has developed dramatically over the past decade due to well-developed ship navigation and auxiliary decision-making systems.
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71701178).
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Shuai-An Wang [email protected] Wei Zhang [email protected]
1
Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
2
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
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W. Zhang, S.-A. Wang
Autonomous vessels can improve the accuracy of operations through autonomous decision making and navigation and reduce the risk of personnel misoperation. The global autonomous vessel market is predicted to reach approximately 10 billion USD [1] in 2019 based on the current vigorous momentum, and autonomous vessels will alter the status quo of global ocean shipping. A total of 22% [2] transport costs can be reduced by adopting autonomous vessels. The use of autonomous vessels can effectively reduce labor cost compared with manned vessels. Labor cost includes not only the crew’s wage account, which already contributes to over 30% [3] of the operation cost, but also the time and capital costs spent in educating seafarers. If one person can simultaneously monitor and command multiple vessels on land, then the acquisition, training, and separation costs of seafarers can be considerably decreased, particularly when the seafarer profession gradually loses its attractiveness. The use of autonomous vessel technology can also reduce a ship’s cabin capacity and load by removing the living room, cab, and other cabins for personal activities, along with their corresponding piping, water supply
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