Background and Models
This chapter contextualizes the role of smart meters in smart grid initiatives around the world to show that the smart grid concept goes beyond energy supplier modernization. In addition, this chapter presents the security model and the privacy model for
- PDF / 567,293 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 439.36 x 666.15 pts Page_size
- 17 Downloads / 166 Views
Background and Models
Abstract This chapter contextualizes the role of smart meters in smart grid initiatives around the world to show that the smart grid concept goes beyond energy supplier modernization. In addition, this chapter presents the security model and the privacy model for Privacy-Preserving Protocols (PPPs). Security is ensured by means of cryptography, and privacy is protected by aggregation of encrypted measurements. Keywords Initiatives • Concept • Security • Privacy • Aggregation • Maps • Cryptography • Aggregation
2.1 Smart Grids Around the World On the Internet, one can find many projects and governmental sites about smart grids. Smart Metering Projects Map in Google Maps1 provides a good visualization of the number and distribution of smart grid initiatives around the world. Figure 2.1 shows a screen-shot of the map.2 In addition, Fig. 2.2 gives us a zoomed-in view of smart grid initiatives in the European Union (EU). A triangle indicates a trial or pilot, and a circle indicates a project. The colors red, green, and blue represent initiatives for electricity, gas, and water, respectively. Red is the dominant color, thus indicating that the majority of the initiatives are directed to electricity. The initiatives are also classified as automatic meter reading (AMR), advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and smart grid. The first aims mainly to collect measurements and send them to suppliers. The second aims to transform the metering systems into microcomputers connected in networks. The third aims to use additional technologies. The AMI is the new terminology and goes beyond AMR. In terms of technology, the idea of AMR is old [8]. However, it was renewed with the AMI, which integrates new features like remote control and two-way communication [6].
1 http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=1155193110583675343 48.0000011362ac6d7d21187. 2 On January 1, 2015.
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 F. Borges de Oliveira, On Privacy-Preserving Protocols for Smart Metering Systems, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40718-0_2
13
14
2 Background and Models
Fig. 2.1 Smart Metering Projects Map—Google Maps
Fig. 2.2 Smart Metering Projects Map in EU—Google Maps
A smart grid can have even more than AMI, for instance, phasor measurement units (PMUs), distributed generation, and smart inverters. Information about interesting features of smart inverters can be found in [5].
2.1 Smart Grids Around the World
15
Fig. 2.3 Official Smart Metering Project Map in EU
Currently, many initiatives are taken to create smart grids. The EU aims to install smart meters in 80 % of households by 2020.3 Figure 2.3 shows a screen-shot4 of the official map5 generated by European Commission’s in-house science service. The map is interactive and can show information about initiatives associated with the EU outside of Europe, for instance, in the America. The EU also aims to reach at least 80 % reduction of greenhouse gas emission by 2050 in comparison with 1990 levels.6 A survey of regulations in
Data Loading...
