Barriers for Tumor Drug Delivery
The ultimate goal of cancer nanomedicine is to specifically increase the drug accumulation in tumor and reduce side effects. Although nanomedicine has made great progress in recent decades, its delivery efficacy is still suboptimal, which hinders its clin
- PDF / 587,579 Bytes
- 22 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 30 Downloads / 226 Views
Barriers for Tumor Drug Delivery Qiuyue Huang and Jinzhi Du
Abstract The ultimate goal of cancer nanomedicine is to specifically increase the drug accumulation in tumor and reduce side effects. Although nanomedicine has made great progress in recent decades, its delivery efficacy is still suboptimal, which hinders its clinical translation. Currently, most drug delivery vehicles are delivered by systemic administration, and physiological barriers prevent effective accumulation of nanomedicine at the tumor site. These nanocarriers must reach the tumor tissue after the long journey in blood circulation, then access to tumor cells deep inside the tumor by overcoming the tumor tissue barrier, and finally kill the tumor cells after entering the cell. Successful design of nanocarriers must fully consider the existing delivery barriers in order to achieve better therapeutic efficacy. This chapter summarizes obstacles experienced by nanomedicine from the site of injection and the site of action as well as exemplifies typical strategies for overcoming these barriers, hopefully providing insights into the design of more effective nanomedicine. Keywords Nanomedicine · Drug delivery · Delivery barriers
2.1
Introduction
Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are usually highly toxic and poorly soluble in water and can be rapidly cleared from the body. When they are injected directly into the body, they will diffuse and distribute throughout the body, causing unexpected side effects and limiting the effective dose at the tumor site [1]. In comparison, nanoscaled drug delivery systems have shown many advantages, including improving drug solubility, prolonging blood circulation, and enhancing drug accumulation in tumor tissues [2]. Due to these advantages, many nanoparticle (NP)-based Q. Huang · J. Du (*) Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 R. Huang, Y. Wang (eds.), New Nanomaterials and Techniques for Tumor-targeted Systems, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5159-8_2
5
6
Q. Huang and J. Du
formulations have been approved for clinical use, such as Doxil® and Abraxane®. However, these nanomedicines only show suboptimal benefits, especially in patients with aggressive solid tumors. Taking Doxil® as an example, it shows lower cardiotoxicity and higher safety profile; however, its therapeutic efficacy is not significantly improved compared with free doxorubicin [3]. Although nanomedicine increases the drug concentration at the tumor site by a factor of 5 or more compared to free drugs, there are only 200 nm) accumulated in the liver and spleen [1]. Positively charged NPs have a shorter blood circulation half-life, while neutral and slightly negatively charged NPs, by contrast, have a longer blood circulation time [11, 12]. Non-spherical particles, such as discoidal particles, have a larger surface area than traditional spherical particles and a greater tendency to contact with the blood vessel
Data Loading...
