Behavioral response of the greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) to plant volatiles of Ocimum basilicum and
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CHEMOECOLOGY
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Behavioral response of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) to plant volatiles of Ocimum basilicum and Tagetes minuta Francis Kiamba Matu1,2,3 · Lucy Kananu Murungi1 · Samira Mohamed3 · Emilie Deletre2,3 Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The use of chemical pesticides as a main pest control strategy has been highly criticised due to environmental pollution and negative effects on natural enemies of pests. In modern farming, it is essential to implement integrated pest management approaches that seek to control insect pests without causing environmental damage, e.g. the use of companion plants. Basil and Mexican marigold are often used as companion plants to attract greenhouse whiteflies, hence reducing damage to solanaceous crops, but the mechanism and role of volatile cues in crop protection strategies are unknown. This study found that both flowering basil and marigold were preferred to tomato by the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. PCA revealed that some volatiles were more correlated to one stage than to another. The dominant volatile constituents of Mexican marigold are limonene, dihydrotagetone, (Z)-β-ocimene, α-pinene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, and those from basil are linalool, 1,8-cineole, eugenol and β-elemene. Among these dominant compounds, 1,8-cineole and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate elicited strong attraction in greenhouse whitefly at 0.01%, whereas (Z)-β-ocimene and linalool elicited strong repellence at 0.1% and 1% dosages. This suggested that the basil flowering stage attraction is due to 1,8-cineole. These volatiles demonstrated potential as lures or bio-repellents and could be used in a “push–pull” semiochemical approach for greenhouse whitefly management. Keywords Basil · Mexican marigold · Volatiles · Y-tube olfactometer
Introduction Conventional farming systems currently generally involve monocultures with heavy reliance on synthetic chemical insecticides (Tilman et al. 2002). This has prompted severe widespread criticism because of the associated biodiversity losses, human health issues, and environmental pollution Communicated by Marko Rohlfs. * Francis Kiamba Matu [email protected] * Emilie Deletre [email protected] 1
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000‑00200, Nairobi, Kenya
2
Cirad UR Hortsys, TA B-103/C-Campus international de Baillarguet, 34 398 Montpellier Cedex, France
3
International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O Box 30772‑00100, Nairobi, Kenya
worldwide (Niggli et al. 2007; Bengtsson et al. 2005). However, vegetation diversity has been shown to suppress pests via several causal pathways, as reviewed by Ratnadass et al. (2012): (1) pest-suppressing effects via visual and olfactory cues; (2) below-ground bottom-up allelopathic effects; (3) disruption of the spatial cycle via non-host effects; (4) disruption of the temporal cycle via crop rotation with nonhost
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