Benefit of the integration of semantic 3D models in a fire-fighting VR simulator
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Benefit of the integration of semantic 3D models in a fire-fighting VR simulator Aitor Moreno & Álvaro Segura & Sisi Zlatanova & Jorge Posada & Alejandro García-Alonso
Received: 1 September 2011 / Accepted: 26 June 2012 / Published online: 17 July 2012 # Società Italiana di Fotogrammetria e Topografia (SIFET) 2012
Abstract Virtual reality (VR) simulators have become a great tool for training purposes, especially for risky and uncertain situations such as today’s widely extended driving or flying simulators. One of these cases is the fire-fighting simulators. The usage of a VR simulator to support the training process of fire fighters and managers has two main advantages. On one hand, it supports the simulation of complex scenarios like big cities, where a fire cannot be simulated in the real world; and on the other hand, fire-fighting VR simulators allow trainees to experience situations as close as possible to real fire events, thereby reducing the probability of accidents when they are going through training exercises with real fire. However, the success of the VR simulator depends on how close to reality the simulation process is, one of the most important aspects to ensure how realistic the scenarios shown in the training Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12518-012-0093-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Moreno (*) : Á. Segura : J. Posada Vicomtech, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 57, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain e-mail: [email protected] Á. Segura e-mail: [email protected] J. Posada e-mail: [email protected] S. Zlatanova Section GIS-technology, OTB, Delft University of Technology, Jaffalaan 9, 2826 BX Delft, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] A. García-Alonso University of the Basque Country, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 1, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
sessions are. This paper discusses how existing and dynamic 3D geoinformation can be loaded into a fire-fighting VR system and how the preservation of the semantic knowledge can benefit the user experience in the VR simulator. Semantic technologies are intended to help in the selection of information to get a seamless integration between the GIS data, the VR system and the tasks and users involved in the firefighting processes. The benefit of semantics is illustrated with some practical cases. Keywords Semantics . Virtual reality . Fire fighting . Formalization . Real time . 3D models . CityGML
Introduction Virtual reality (VR) simulators for fire-fighting training are appropriate tools for presenting virtual and interactive scenarios, which are impossible to be created in the real world. For example, a fire brigade cannot learn the practical aspects involved in a 12-floor building fire emergency, since the variables involved cannot be recreated in a physical simulator. Only small and controlled drills can be performed within the security measures of professional training centres (see Fig. 1). The evolution of VR simu
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