Bioindicators of Pesticide Contaminations
Reducing the economic losses caused by pests, and for improving crop yields, use of pesticides in agriculture is imperative. The continuous use of pesticides in the environment is of great concern as some of them are highly persistant and causes harmful i
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Bioindicators of Pesticide Contaminations Ajoy Saha, Rakesh Kumar Ghosh, P.-K. Jesna, and Partha P. Choudhury
Abstract Reducing the economic losses caused by pests, and for improving crop yields, use of pesticides in agriculture is imperative. The continuous use of pesticides in the environment is of great concern as some of them are highly persistant and causes harmful impact on non-target organisms. So, monitoring of them is utmost important for management of pesticide pollution. Among the different monitoring tools for pesticide pollution, use of bioindicator using living organism or its part or group of organisms becoming the technique of choice as this is an inexpensive, specific and easy to handle method. Moreover, number of living organisms could accumulate the pesticides and thus helps in indicating the environmental pesticides pollution. Here, a review on biomonitoring of environmental pesticides pollution by using bioindicator is presented. Pesticides contamination in air, soil and water and their route of entry into the environmental matrices are first presented followed by a general idea have been given on well-known natural species used as environmental pesticides pollution bioindictaor. These species include microbes, animals and plants of different groups which were widely used for bioindication of environmental pesticides pollution from history to recent research which has been discussed elaborately. Keywords Pesticides · Environmental pollution · Bioindicators · Biomonitors · Plant · Microbes · Animal
A. Saha (*) · P.-K. Jesna Research Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India R. K. Ghosh ICAR-National Institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India P. P. Choudhury ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 48, Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 48, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54719-6_5
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Abbreviations GC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS IUCN OCPs OPs PCBs SPs
5.1
Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry International Union for Conservation of Nature Organochlorines pesticides Organophosphates pesticides Polychlorinated biphenyls Synthetic pyrethroids
Introduction
The pest problem is a complex barrier in any agricultural production. Due to the attack of pests in major crops, including rice, wheat, maize, barley, soybeans, potatoes, cotton and coffee, farmers are losing crop yield to the extent of 20–40% (Oerke et al. 1994; Oerke 2006). Global warming makes the situation more complex as the higher temperature favors pest attack more. Deutsch et al. (2018) developed a model for the estimation of crop loss due to the changing climate. As per their estimation from the model, the crop loss of wheat, rice and maize due to the insect pest infestation wou
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