Bioinformatic screening for candidate biomarkers and their prognostic values in endometrial cancer
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Bioinformatic screening for candidate biomarkers and their prognostic values in endometrial cancer Yaowei Li1,2 and Li Li1*
Abstract Background: Endometrial cancer is a common gynecological cancer with annually increasing incidence worldwide. However, the biomarkers that provide prognosis and progression for this disease remain elusive. Results: Two eligible human endometrial cancer datasets (GSE17025 and GSE25405) were selected for the study. A total of 520 differentially expressed mRNAs and 30 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. These mRNAs were mainly enriched in cell cycle, skeletal system development, vasculature development, oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis signalling pathways. A total of 160 pairs of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs, including 22 differentially expressed miRNAs and 71 overlapping differentially expressed mRNAs, were validated in endometrial cancer samples using starBase v2.0 project. The prognosis analysis revealed that Cyclin E1 (CCNE1, one of the 82 hub genes, which correlated with hsa-miR-195 and hsa-miR-424) was significantly linked to a worse overall survival in endometrial cancer patients. Conclusions: The hub genes and differentially expressed miRNAs identified in this study might be used as prognostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer and molecular targets for its treatment. Keywords: Endometrial cancer, Differentially expressed genes, Differentially expressed miRNAs, Functional enrichment analysis, Protein-protein interaction, Survival analysis
Background Endometrial cancer (EC), that is, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), originates from the epithelial malignant tumours in endometrium. With an increase in obesity and an aging population, the incidence and mortality rates of EC are increasing in developed countries [1]. According to the latest statistics of the American Cancer Society [2], over 61, 000 cases were estimated to be diagnosed with EC in 2017. At present, advanced stage EC still accounts for * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
20–30% of incidents, and the disease relapse is associated with a poor prognosis. Currently, there are no known reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for EC. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125), being most frequently used as a biomarker for ovarian cancer, has some diagnostic/prognostic value in EC [3]. However, CA125 level is elevated in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, such as age [4, 5], pregnancy [6], menstruation [4, 6], and in gynaecological and nongynaecological disorders, such as endometriosis [6], benign ovarian cysts [6], pelvic inflammatory disease [6], peritonitis [6], pancreatitis [6], and pneumonia [6]. Human epididymis protei
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