Biologia futura: the role of polyamine in plant science
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REVIEW
Biologia futura: the role of polyamine in plant science Fereshteh Kamiab1 · Iraj Tavassolian2,3 · Mehdi Hosseinifarahi4 Received: 29 June 2019 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract Polyamines (PAs) are positively charged amines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine that ubiquitously exist in all organisms. They have been considered as a new type of plant biostimulants, with pivotal roles in many physiological processes. Polyamine levels are controlled by intricate regulatory feedback mechanisms. PAs are directly or indirectly regulated through interaction with signaling metabolites ( H202, NO), aminobutyric acid (GABA), phytohormones (abscisic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, cytokinins, auxin, jasmonic acid and brassinosteroids) and nitrogen metabolism (maintaining the balance of C:N in plants). Exogenous applications of PAs enhance the stress resistance, flowering and fruit set, synthesis of bioactive compounds and extension of agricultural crops shelf life. Up-regulation of PAs biosynthesis by genetic manipulation can be a novel strategy to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. Recently, the role of PAs in symbiosis relationships between plants and beneficial microorganisms has been confirmed. PA metabolism has also been targeted to design new harmless fungicides. Keywords Biomarker · Fungicide · Polyamines · Shelf life · Stress resistance
Introduction Polyamines (PAs), including putrescine, spermidine and spermine, have been known as aliphatic biogenic amines which are present in most prokaryotes and all eukaryotic organisms [100]. PAs have been used in a wide range of biological processes in plant growth and development, such as seed germination, root growth, embryogenesis, rhizogenesis, organogenesis, floral initiation and development, vascular development, fruit development, biofilm formation, ripening, leaf senescence and programmed cell death [46, 75]. PAs also play important roles in resistance against different abiotic stresses, including low and high temperatures, salt, drought, wounding, ozone, flooding, acid, heavy metals (Cu, * Fereshteh Kamiab [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan, Iran
2
Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
4
Department of Horticultural Science, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran
Cr, Fe and Ni) and oxidative stresses [106]. In plant, PAs interplay with a variety of fundamental cellular processes, including membrane stabilization, nucleic acids and protein synthesis, modulating RNAses, proteases and other enzymes activities, gene expression, DNA replication, transcription, RNA modification, ion-channel regulation, cation–anion balance, free radical scavenging activity, cell cycle regulation, protein modification
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