The Role of Surveillance Methods and Technologies in Plant Biosecurity
Nations have designed biosecurity systems to protect their animal, plant, and environmental resources from invasion by pests. Surveillance serves as a key component of that regulatory continuum. This chapter discusses “surveillance” and touches on many to
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The Role of Surveillance Methods and Technologies in Plant Biosecurity Tom Kalaris, Daniel Fieselmann, Roger Magarey, Manuel Colunga-Garcia, Amy Roda, Darryl Hardie, Naomi Cogger, Nichole Hammond, P.A.Tony Martin, and Peter Whittle
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Introduction
Countries design biosecurity systems to protect their animal, plant, and environmental resources from invasive alien species. Countries maintain biosecurity systems to safely manage trade and prevent the introduction of invasive pests (insects, diseases and weeds) through numerous pathways of entry. Plant biosecurity programmes seek to exclude exotic organisms from becoming established on agricultural crops, ornamental plants and “natural” areas. Without barriers for entry, invasive organisms can expand their range, colonize new territory and cause considerable economic and environmental damage (Magarey et al. 2009). Spatially, one country’s biosecurity efforts may be categorised as “pre-border”, “border” and “post-border” when describing that country’s attempts at minimising T. Kalaris (*) • D. Fieselmann • A. Roda U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA e-mail: [email protected] R. Magarey Center for IPM, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA M. Colunga-Garcia Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, 1405 S. Harrison Rd., East Lansing, MI 48823, USA D. Hardie • N. Hammond • P.A.T. Martin Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia N. Cogger Massey University, Tenndent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand P. Whittle Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qlds 4000, Australia G. Gordh and S. McKirdy (eds.), The Handbook of Plant Biosecurity, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7365-3_11, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht (outside the USA) 2014
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the movement of unwanted organisms. Countries collaborate internationally on a range of interrelated biosecurity activities to confront these exotic invasive species. Surveillance is a key component of that continuum. The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) defines surveillance as an official process which collects and records data on pest occurrence or absence by survey, monitoring or other procedures. The diverse purposes of surveillance include: • • • • • • • • •
Promote early detection of pests to facilitate eradication or management; Support trade by demonstrating areas of pest freedom or low pest prevalence; Describe the distribution and prevalence of risk organisms already present; Delimit the full extent of pest population following a detected incursion; Measure the success of biosecurity systems; Enable management and cost benefit decisions; Develop a list of pests or hosts present in an area; Monitor p
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