Biomimetic nanocoating promotes osteoblast cell adhesion on biomedical implants
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Bingyun Lia) Biomaterials, Bioengineering & Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506; and WVNano Initiative, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (Received 29 April 2008; accepted 21 August 2008)
Implantation of dental and orthopaedic devices is affected by delayed or weak implant-bone integration and inadequate new bone formation. Innovative approaches have been sought to enhance implant-bone interaction to achieve rapid osseointegration. The aim of this study was to develop biomimetic polypeptide nanocoatings and to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology, and biocompatibility of polypeptide nanocoatings on implant surfaces. A recently developed nanotechnology, i.e., electrostatic self-assembly, was applied to build polypeptide nanocoatings on implant models, i.e., stainless steel discs. Our in vitro tests using human osteoblast cells revealed that substantially more (one order magnitude higher) osteoblast cells were attached to polypeptide-coated, stainless steel discs than to uncoated discs within the first few hours of contact. The developed biomimetic nanocoatings may have great potential for dental and orthopaedic applications.
I. INTRODUCTION
Bone healing is a complicated process involving the coordination and regulation of numerous mechanical, chemical, and biological aspects at the bone-defect site. Biomedical devices have been intensively used to provide mechanical support, fill voids, or enhance biological repair of bone defects. In the case of permanent implantation, events leading to osseointegration take place at the implant-bone interface, and failure in this process may lead to a delay in implant-bone fusion and/or implant loosening. This is still a major complication in dental and orthopaedic surgeries.1–4 Therefore, it is important to stimulate the implant-bone integration and bone healing process and to rapidly stabilize the implant by creating a fast anchorage between the implant and the surrounding bone tissue. Stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt alloys have been commonly used as dental and orthopaedic implant materials. The surfaces of these implants (e.g., dental and orthopaedics) are the sites where osseointegration occurs. Op-
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Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2008.0390 3222
http://journals.cambridge.org
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 23, No. 12, Dec 2008 Downloaded: 10 Dec 2014
timizing the surface properties of implants can facilitate the adhesion of bone-forming cells and thereby may promote osseointegration. Different approaches can be used for surface modification. Among them, electrostatic selfassembly nanotechnology is one of the simplest and most promising methods for preparation of nanocoatings of controlled thickness and molecular architecture.5,6 Electrostatic self-assembly, developed in the early 1990s by Decher and co-workers,6 has attracted gre
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