Black and organic carbon fractions in fine particulate matter by sectors in the South Hemisphere emissions for decision-
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SHORT RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION ARTICLE
Black and organic carbon fractions in fine particulate matter by sectors in the South Hemisphere emissions for decision-making on climate change and health effects Ernesto Pino-Cortés 1
&
Samuel Carrasco 1 & Luis A. Díaz-Robles 2 & Francisco Cubillos 2 & Francisco Cereceda-Balic 3,4
Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Some databases report global emissions of certain pollutants. Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) project is one of these, which also records emissions by sources. In this study, the emissions of black and organic carbon and fine particulate matter from the EDGAR database were used as an input to process it in the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) model. We showed the spatial distribution of the fraction of black and organic carbon in particulate matter from each source in the Southern Hemisphere. Also, we extracted these ratios for several cities in the domain of analysis. The results and methodology of this study could improve the emission inventories with bottom-up methodology in areas without information located at Southern Hemisphere. Also, it could be relevant to obtain better performance in air quality modeling at the local level for decision-making on climate change and health effects. Keywords Black carbon . Organic carbon . EDGAR . SMOKE . Anthropogenic emission . Antarctic . Southern Hemisphere . Earth . Climate change . Health risk assessment
Introduction Emission inventories are highly researched, especially given their use in developing a more practical understanding of problems associated with air pollution and climate change. Responsible editor: Gerhard Lammel Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10164-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ernesto Pino-Cortés [email protected] 1
Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil, 2162 Valparaíso, Chile
2
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´ Higgins, 3363 Santiago de Chile, Chile
3
Centre for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
4
Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
This field of research will very likely continue to be of interest, as increasing regulation brings more protocols and norms for most emission sources. In this field, one of the essential atmospheric pollutants is particulate matter (PM) and its chemical speciation. PM has multiple substances on its composition. The information of total carbon (TC) content in PM is essential to estimate its emission sources. Traditionally, TC is divided into fractions of organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC, though occasionally referenc
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