Blood chemistry of growing male pigs in response to low protein and energy diets with EnziBlend Plus supplementation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Blood chemistry of growing male pigs in response to low protein and energy diets with EnziBlend Plus supplementation R. A. Amaefule 1 & T. C. Iwuji 2 & I. P. Ogbuewu 2 & I. F. Etuk 2 Received: 15 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Blood chemistry of growing male pigs fed low crude protein (CP) and low-energy diets supplemented with multi-enzyme was determined using 36 male pigs aged 8–10-weeks old. Two metabolizable energy (3000 and 2600 kcal ME /kg) and three protein (18, 16, and 14% CP) levels were used to formulate 6 treatment diets: T1 (3000 kcal ME/kg and 18% CP), T2 (3000 kcal ME/Kg and 16% CP), T3 (3000 kcal ME/kg and 14% CP), T4 (2600 kcal ME/kg and 18% CP), T5 (2600 kcal ME/kg and 16% CP) and T6 (2600 kcal ME/kg and 14% CP). T1 served as the control diet, while T2–T6 was supplemented with 1.0 g enzyme/kg feed each. The treatments were replicated thrice with two pigs per replicate in a 2 × 3 factorial and analysed statistically. Serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, urea, creatinine, urea/creatinine ratio, cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analysed. Low-energy diets (3000 and 2600 kcal ME/kg) plus enzyme supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) any of the serum parameter measured. Also, dietary low CP level plus enzyme supplementation influenced (P < 0.05) aspects of the serum parameters. Higher (P < 0.05) total protein, albumin and creatinine were noticed in pigs fed with T2 diet; while pigs fed with T4 diet had higher (P < 0.05) urea compared with those on the other 5 treatment diets. Significant dietary interaction effects (P < 0.05) were observed on cholesterol, ALT, AST and ALP. The quadratic regression model revealed that aspects of serum parameters in pigs were optimized at different low-protein and lowenergy levels. In conclusion, the results suggest that pigs on T2 diet had the best serum parameters. Keywords Nutrition . Low protein,Low energy . Enzyme supplementation . Serum parameters . Grower pigs
Introduction During the last half-century, there has been tremendous development in the field of pork production, resulting in more than 109 million tons of pork produced per year (FAO 2011). This progress has been achieved by intensification of the swine production systems, coupled with selective breeding programs and a better knowledge of pig nutrition (Jha and Berrocoso 2015). Nutrition plays a significant role in animal production as it influences growth and performance. It is hard to ascertain
* R. A. Amaefule [email protected] * I. P. Ogbuewu [email protected] 1
College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
2
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
the exact energy needs of growing pigs (Beaulieu et al. 2006). Metabolizable energy (ME) requirem
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