Blood Lead, Systemic Inflammation, and Blood Pressure: Exploring Associations and Mediation Effects in Workers Exposed t
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Blood Lead, Systemic Inflammation, and Blood Pressure: Exploring Associations and Mediation Effects in Workers Exposed to Lead Ping He 1 & Chengxin Yang 1 & Dongkui He 1 & Shiyu Zhao 1 & Yujia Xie 2,3 & Haijiao Wang 4 & Jixuan Ma 2,3 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Relationships of lead exposure with blood pressure and blood lead with inflammation have been previously established yet, but the conclusions are still controversial. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of systemic inflammation in the relationships between blood lead concentration and blood pressure. We quantified the levels of blood lead and white blood cell count in 505 lead-exposed workers with 842 observations. Associations between blood lead, white blood cell count, and blood pressure were evaluated by using linear mixed models. We further performed mediation analysis to investigate the role of white blood cell count in the associations between blood lead concentration and blood pressure. We observed that each 1% increase of blood lead levels was significantly positively associated with a 0.9%, 1.7%, and 1.1% increases in systolic blood pressure, white blood cell count, and blood platelet count, respectively. Also, we found that the levels of white blood cell count were positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure in a dose–response manner. Mediation analysis showed that the levels of white blood cell significantly mediated the associations between concentration of blood lead and systolic blood pressure. Collectively, our findings suggest that blood lead was positively associated with systolic blood pressure and that systemic inflammation might play a key role in this association. Keywords Lead exposure . Inflammation . Blood pressure . White blood cell count . Mediation analysis
Introduction Inorganic lead is a common environmental and industrial pollutant, and lead exposure is ubiquitous and mainly occurs in the processing of lead-based paint and leaded gasoline and the Haijiao Wang and Jixuan Ma contributed equally to this work. * Jixuan Ma [email protected] 1
The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091, China
2
Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
3
Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
4
National Center of Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission, Beijing 102300, China
manufacturing of lead-based batteries [1, 2]. Although several public policies have successfully reduced the levels of lead exposure for many decades, exposure to lead still wid
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