Botanical ingredient identification and quality assessment: strengths and limitations of analytical techniques
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Botanical ingredient identification and quality assessment: strengths and limitations of analytical techniques Roy Upton . Bruno David . Stefan Gafner . Sabine Glasl
Received: 1 March 2019 / Accepted: 28 June 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Interest in botanical medicines is increasing worldwide with current global market values estimated to be greater than US $72 billion. To ensure ingredients used in botanical preparations are appropriately identified and will deliver the intended benefit while minimizing potential for risk, good manufacturing practices (GMPs) are required. GMPs require that scientifically valid analytical techniques be used. This review discusses a variety of techniques of quality assessment taking into account the different challenges between academicians and manufacturers with the basic premise that all techniques are scientifically valid if used appropriately, and conversely, are limited if not used in a scientifically valid manner. The strengths and limitations, applications and
R. Upton American Herbal Pharmacopoeia, PO Box 66809, Scotts Valley, CA, USA B. David Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre Toulouse, 3, Avenue Hubert Curien, BP 13562, 31562 Toulouse, France S. Gafner American Botanical Council, PO Box 144345, Austin, TX 78714, USA S. Glasl (&) Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria e-mail: [email protected]
inapplicability, of some of these techniques will be discussed, as will differences between traditional and more modern analytical techniques. A strong emphasis is placed on classical botanical and traditional macromorphological assessment techniques that represent the basis of identification and quality assessment upstream of other techniques such as analytical chemistry and genetics. It will be shown that it is the suite of botanical and chemical techniques that provides the greatest confidence for ensuring the identity and quality of botanical medicines. Keywords Botanical identification Quality assessment Botanical medicines Botany Quality control Abbreviations BRM Botanical reference material CRM Chemical reference material CRS Chemical reference standard TCM Traditional Chinese medicine WHO World Health Organization
Introduction Botanical medicines are gaining in importance worldwide, which is reflected both by the health benefits consumers believe they receive (Chandiraleka and
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Hamsalakshmi 2016; Oldendick et al. 2000) and a rapidly growing global market that was estimated at US $72 billion in 2016 (Hexa Research 2017) and projects to increase to more than US $111 billion by 2023 (Reuters 2018). Much of this growth is driven by increasing interest in traditional systems of herbal medicine including Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. This growth is paralleled by a continuously growing scientific interest for herbal medicine research, which is evidenced by exponential increases in the number of publicat
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