British Catholics and Fascism Religious Identity and Political Extre
Drawing substantially on the thoughts and words of Catholic writers and cultural commentators, Villis sheds new light on religious identity and political extremism in early twentieth-century Britain. The book constitutes a comprehensive study of the way i
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British Catholics and Fascism
Also by Tom Villis Reaction and the Avant-Garde: The Revolt against Liberal Democracy in Early Twentieth-Century Britain
British Catholics and Fascism Religious Identity and Political Extremism Between the Wars Tom Villis Senior Lecturer in History and Politics, Regent’s College, London
© Tom Villis 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978–1–137–27418–2 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-44555-4 ISBN 978-1-137-27419-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137274199
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
For my father
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Contents
Acknowledgements
viii
Introduction
1
1 Catholic Fascists?
9
2 The Hierarchy
27
3 The Press
41
4 The Chesterbelloc
77
5 Campbell, Dawson, Burns and Wall: Catholic Writers and the Crisis of Liberalism
99
6 The Catholic Literary Right
136
7 Literary Catholicism and Fascism in Wales
175
8 Catholic Anti-Fascism
196
Conclusion
215
Notes
219
Select bibliography
257
Index
271
vii
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank the following for permission to quote from copyrighted material: Nicholas Elkin and the Trustees of the David Jones Estate for permission to quote from unpublished work and correspondence of David Jones; the Archbishop of Westminster and Fr Nicholas Schofield for permission to quote from the Hinsley Papers; and Fr
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