Building a FP-CIT SPECT Brain Template Using a Posterization Approach
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Building a FP-CIT SPECT Brain Template Using a Posterization Approach D. Salas-Gonzalez · Juan M. G´orriz · Javier Ram´ırez · Ignacio A. Ill´an · Pablo Padilla · Francisco J. Mart´ınez-Murcia · Elmar W. Lang
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract Spatial affine registration of brain images to a common template is usually performed as a preprocessing step in intersubject and intrasubject comparison studies, computer-aided diagnosis, region of interest selection and brain segmentation in tomography. Nevertheless, it is not straightforward to build a template of [123I]FP-CIT SPECT brain images because they exhibit very low intensity values outside the striatum. In this work, we present a procedure to automatically build a [123I]FP-CIT SPECT template in the standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. The proposed methodology consists of a head voxel selection using the Otsu’s method, followed by a posterization of the source images to three different levels: background, head, and striatum. Analogously, we also design a posterized version of a brain image in the MNI space; subsequently, we perform a spatial affine registration of the posterized source images to this image. The intensity of the transformed images is normalized linearly, assuming that the histogram of the intensity values follows an alpha-stable distribution. Lastly, we build the [123I]FP-CIT SPECT template by means of the transformed and normalized images. The proposed methodology is a fully automatic procedure
This work has been supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship from the 7th Framework Programme FP7-PEOPLE2013-IEF (Project: 624453 ALPHA-BRAIN-IMAGING). D. Salas-Gonzalez () · E. W. Lang Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning Group, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg (Deutschland, Germany) e-mail: [email protected] J. M. G´orriz · J. Ram´ırez · I. A. Ill´an · P. Padilla · F. J. Mart´ınez-Murcia Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
that has been shown to work accurately even when a highresolution magnetic resonance image for each subject is not available. Keywords FP-CIT SPECT brain images · Spatial normalization · Template · Parkinson
Introduction Iodine-123-fluoropropyl-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-iodophenyltropane) (FP-CIT; 123 I-ioflupane/DaTSCAN) (Neumeyer et al. 1991; Fazio et al. 2011) has been used to differentiate between Parkinsonian syndrome and essential tremors (Seibyl et al. 1995; Benamer et al. 2000; Marek et al. 2001). In addition, the compounds importance has increased as its application range has been extended to the differentiation of dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer’s disease (Walker et al. 2007; Colloby et al. 2008; O’Brien et al. 2009). After intravenous injection, [123I]FP-CIT SPECT binds to the dopamine transporters in the striatum. It has been found that patients with Parkinson’s disease will exhibit decreased uptake of tracer (Booij et al. 1997a; Booij et al. 1997b; Booij et al. 1998; Wino
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