Cadmium sulfate induces apoptosis in planarians
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cadmium sulfate induces apoptosis in planarians Zhiyang Wang 1 & Keqing Cao 1 & Dan Wang 1 & Bingjie Hua 2 & Haiyan Zhang 1,2 & Xin Xie 1,2,3 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With rapid socio-economic development, heavy metal pollution in water has become common and affects both environment and human health. Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as one of the heavy metals which cause acute or chronic toxic effects if ingested. Although its toxicity is undisputed, the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo are not fully understood. Planarians, a model organism famous for their regenerative prowess, have long been utilized to study the effects of chemical exposure. In this study, we observed apoptosis with TUNEL assay in planarians induced by cadmium sulfate (CdSO4) in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis-related genes were detected with quantitative RT-PCR. Significant changes in c-Myc, P53, and BcL-2 were indicated, which may play a partial role in the regulation of the process of apoptosis in the planarians. H&E staining showed that Cd had obvious biological toxicity in the planarians. Here, new insights on metal toxicity mechanisms are provided, contributing to understand how CdSO4 induces the pathological and physiological processes of apoptosis in the living bodies. Meanwhile, planarians are proved to be a freshwater pollution indicator and toxicological research model. Keywords Pollution . Heavy metals . Cadmium sulfate . Planarians . Apoptosis
Introduction Along with the rapid development of economy and society, environmental pollution, containing the discharge of heavy metal-contaminated waste water, has become more and more outstanding (Meena et al. 2018). Heavy metal pollution leads to serious ecological and health hazards because of its severe toxic effects (Chowdhury et al. 2016). Among these, cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals, targets the lungs, liver, and kidneys (Jarup and Akesson 2009). Although Cd pollution often occurs at low concentrations in natural water Keqing Cao contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya * Haiyan Zhang [email protected] * Xin Xie [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
2
GeWu Medical Research Institute (GMRI), Xi’an, China
3
Department of Translational Medicine, Institute of Integrated Medical Information, Xi’an, China
systems, Cd absorption after intake is relatively low in humans but which has a very long biological half-life ranging from 10 to 30 years (Kjellstrom and Nordberg 1978; Song et al. 2017). Thus, it is imperative to explore the toxic mechanism of Cd pollutants from the environment, including drinking water sources. Recently, model organisms have been applied for supervising heavy metal pollution in the environment (Madejczyk et al. 2015). Among them, the planarians have become
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